We live in an age of mass surveillance.
And big data, mixed with the ever increasing power of artificial intelligence, means all
of our actions are being recorded and stored like never before.This information is being
mined to identify social media trends for targeted advertising, but it's also being
used to predict riots, election outcomes, disease epidemics and that's not to mention
the vast networks of surveillance cameras that could be used to track crowds and individuals
in real time.
This is EMBERS.
A computer forecasting system that sifts through the data that you post on social media everyday.
It mines platforms you'd expect like Twitter and Facebook... and it tracks things that
you might not expect - like restaurant apps, traffic maps, currency rates and even food
prices.
Data from tweets and social media is useful for predicting both disease outbreaks, and
events like civil unrest, domestic political crisis, elections, and so on.
You can use these non traditional data sources, like restaurant reservation information, hospital
imagery and so on to predict the flu.
EMBERS mines big data for trends rather than information on individuals.
For example, if EMBERS detects a mass cancellation of restaurant reservations and then hospital
parking lots fill up, the system can predict that there is probably an outbreak of food
poisoning or flu.
And it's incredibly accurate.
EMBERS correctly predicted Hantavirus outbreaks in Argentina and Chile in 2013 and political
uprisings in Brazil and Venezuela in 2013 and 2014.
In fact, EMBERS is correct in it's predictions about 90% of the time.
But EMBERS does have its limits.
While it can mine public data to forecast major social events before they happen, it's
can't predict spontaneous events - like crowd stampedes or terrorists.
An increasing concern in an overcrowded and unstable world.
Which is what Dr Mubarak Shah and his team are trying to do.
They are using video surveillance, AI, and complicated mathematical algorithms to track
and predict the movements of dense crowds and the individuals in those crowds.
Crowd analysis is a very interesting area and very challenging, when you have thousands
of people, it becomes very, very complicated.
This is where A.I. comes in.
It can help spot abnormal patterns in a crowd like bottlenecks.
Take the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia for example.
In 2015, hundreds were crushed to death in a stampede.
In the future computers may be able to detect bottlenecks in real time and pilgrims can
be diverted to uncrowded areas, thus avoiding stampedes and ultimately, saving lives.
Another application Shah's team is working on is to track individuals in crowds in real
time.
We want to be able to track that person where the person enters, where he's going and where
exact sitting and so on.
This kind of surveillance is done manually, but computers are beginning to be able to
detect individuals acting suspiciously as they move through a crowd.
We want to be able to analyze the video in each camera.
We detect people, we track, and we identify and so on.
Using video surveillance and the networks of cameras available in major cities, Shah's
team is working on using AI to track individuals from place to place.
This Boston bomber was seen in many different locations, so you detect a person in one camera,
then it disappears because it's not visible.
And after sometime it reappears in another camera maybe at a distance.
Re-identification in the crowd is much, much harder because there are lots of people.
Camera networks data mined for suspicious behaviour could stop future bombings.
But it isn't easy and they aren't there yet.
There is so much data that needs to be annotated so that machines can understand human behavior.
It can help law enforcement it can make them more efficient and it can help solve crime.
But there is a downside to this.
How much privacy are we willing to give up to be safe?
The implications of these technologies are vast.
Perhaps It depends on how much you trust the people who are mining your data.
For more science documentaries check out this one right here.
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