Yt News today: Youtube daily report Oct 25 2018

I've figured out that you don't need a thousand elements to create something big.

It's more of like, highlighting those important things in the song.

Everything has its own part and not crashed with something else.

When I started working on "REMEDY," I was in Greece just you know, traveling, touring.

What I was thinking while I was there in Greece and making the song is like how great the

summer is.

Everyone is longing for the summer the whole year and towards the end of the summer, you're

kind of sad.

All these great memories that you created in the summer is coming to an end.

So it's a very melancholic feeling.

You know, it's happy but sad.

I always strive actually for that in my songs.

I think what really catches your attention with "REMEDY" is the piano melody in the

beginning.

I think what's important especially when it comes to piano…

It really is about what kind of melody you play on it combined with what kind of piano

you've tweaked.

So this is just you know, we've recorded different vocals.

Me singing a little bit to Jake the demo singer.

You stack them up, you know?

That's when it becomes powerful.

There's no rocket science man.

They're just singing along with the melody because that is the whole melody of the whole

song.

That's the lead melody.

I usually like to add the drums and stuff more towards the end.

The first thing obviously is the 44 kick.

I wanted there to be punch in it but I didn't want it to take over the whole song.

This is honestly the first time I just took a sample from…

I think it was, Vengeance or something and just threw it in there.

It was really exactly what I was looking for.

What I always do is when I've tweaked a percussion or something and added plugins

I export it to an audio file so there's not too many plugins on it while you start

working 'cause obviously the product is gonna get bigger and bigger.

Some Toms.

And obviously there's more stuff happening in the drop.

There's more Toms.

Hi-hats.

And also when you layer them, they just become more powerful.

And as you can hear, it's nothing crazy really.

It's a rhythm you've heard many many times before but it also was the only rhythm that

fit.

What really helps the drop in the song is the Diva and Omnisphere combined like this…

That's like the top melody in the piano role and it's the main melody in the vocals

too.

So they're all playing the same melodies.

So with bassline, you can really create different kind of flows.

On this one, it's following the chord progression but it's jumping out a little bit to just

bounce a little bit more.

So I'm gonna play it with the kick so you kind of hear where it jumps out.

Logic came out with a really cool plugin called Retrosynth.

The LFO there is not on time.

When you have a 44, it's good sometimes to have things a little bit off beat.

So in the chorus, it's the piano filter, the pads, one that's very dark, one that's

a little brighter, and one that's very bright.

Together with the gain vocal…

It really gives that epic feeling, I think.

Hands in the air moment, I think.

What's interesting though is in the second chorus, I actually strip it down.

Just two elements.

It's the filtered piano and the bright pads.

When I work with vocals, I always somehow try to combine it with the demo vocals.

In this case, there's just a few parts where you can hear Jake's vocals, one of the writers

that plays along really well with Conor's vocal.

I'm just gonna first play Conor's.

Now you're gonna hear it with Jake in it and you're gonna notice how much wider and

bigger it sounds.

And obviously, through the song, there are a couple effects there like sweeps and crashes

and three more added layers.

We got some horns in here.

And once again, it's nothing crazy really happening in this song.

I think the key to this song is the vocals and the melodies.

The rest is pretty easy to make as you can see.

And it sounds something like this…

As a producer, I always strive to find new sounds.

In this case, I wanted to go the other direction 'cause I've always worked the other way.

This time, I wanted to put sounds in there that people recognized.

It really creates that warmth, that comfortable nice feeling.

For more infomation >> The Making Of Alesso's "REMEDY" | Deconstructed - Duration: 6:57.

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What You Need To Know Before Eating At KFC Again - Duration: 4:59.

While many people can say they've tasted the chicken at KFC, most don't know that the beloved

chicken chain has a colorful history behind its success.

There's a lot more to this chain than crispy fried chicken and a handful of delicious sides.

Here is everything you never knew about KFC.

Gas station food

Nobody wants to eat gas station food, but every time you devour KFC's legendary chicken,

that's exactly what you're getting.

Yep, it's true: KFC actually started in a gas station.

In the early 1930s, Harland Sanders was running a service station when a customer complained

that he couldn't find any good food in the area.

Sanders, who had learned to cook as a child, saw an opportunity and converted a storage

room into a small diner.

"I fed truck drivers and millionaires all at the same table.

I didn't know anything about the restaurant business.

I didn't know what table to hold, a la carte, all of that meant."

It was a hit, and by the time Colonel Sanders sold the company in 1964, there were more

than 600 Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises.

Kentucky fried justice

In 1991, Kentucky Fried Chicken shocked the poultry-eating world when the company changed

its name to KFC.

Publicly, it claimed to be dropping the "Fried" part because it wanted to be associated with

healthier eating.

But it was actually the "Kentucky" part that was the real problem.

In 1990, the Commonwealth of Kentucky trademarked the name "Kentucky" and began charging money

for businesses to use it.

Kentucky Fried Chicken refused and simply changed the chain's name to KFC instead.

There is a happy ending, though: in 2006, the two sides resolved their issues, and KFC

once again regained the right to be known as Kentucky Fried Chicken.

That calls for a celebratory sandwich!

"Saaaaaandwiiiich!!"

Christmas in Japan

If you ever find yourself spending Christmas in Japan, don't be surprised when, instead

of a turkey or ham dinner, you end up celebrating with KFC.

The tradition took off in the 1970s after a group of foreigners couldn't find turkey

for Christmas and decided to eat Kentucky Fried Chicken instead.

KFC seized on the idea, and soon "Kentucky for Christmas" spread throughout the country.

Today, people stand in line for hours each Christmas eve for a special KFC Christmas

chicken dinner, which is served with champagne and cake.

Secret Twitter recipe

While the KFC chicken recipe is kept under lock and key, savvy Twitter users noticed

something intriguing about KFC's account.

The company only follows 11 other accounts, which is significant since their signature

secret recipe consists of 11 herbs and spices.

The accounts KFC follows?

All five members of the Spice Girls and six men named Herb.

Nice.

The Wendy's connection

KFC as we know it wouldn't have existed without help from Dave Thomas.

While working for KFC, Thomas came up with the idea for the iconic red and white striped

chicken bucket, the streamlined menu, and the rotating chicken bucket signage.

He also encouraged Sanders to appear in commercials and become the face of the brand, advice he

later took himself after leaving KFC to found Wendy's.

Redacted

There's an FBI file on Colonel Sanders that, while accessible to the public, has entire

sections blacked out.

The file includes background info on Sanders as well as copies of letters he sent to FBI

Director J. Edgar Hoover.

The file is 15 pages long and a note at the beginning makes it clear that Sanders has

never been the subject of an FBI investigation, which makes the blacked out sections even

more intriguing.

Could it contain the secret recipe?!

"And then we have four ounces."

"Four ounces of what?"

"Four ounces of...four ounces of grandfather's overcoat."

Crossover appeal

In recent years, KFC has become a bit of a phenomenon, and not just at Japanese Christmas.

For starters, there are those head-scratchingly surreal TV commercials, which are filled with

pop culture references.

"Chicken with fries.

Chicken with fries.

Chicken with fries."

But they've also branched out into video games, releasing the 8-bit "Colonel Quest" in 2015,

and the VR cooking simulator "The Hard Way" in 2017.

And in 2015, KFC teamed up with DC Comics for the first in a series of action packed

comic books starring Colonel Sanders.

No CGI needed for this moustache!

Colonel Sanders hated KFC

After selling KFC, Sanders remained the face of the brand, with actors and even puppets

portraying him as the company's mascot long after he passed away in 1980.

"Howdy folks!

It's me, the real Colonel Sanders."

But Sanders quickly grew to regret his decision to sell the franchise.

He claimed that people recognized him wherever he went and would stop him to complain about

KFC's food, complaints that he took personally and completely agreed with.

After visiting a franchise in New York City, Sanders said it was

"the worst fried chicken I've ever seen."

The gravy was simply terrible, with Sanders calling it

"nothing more than wallpaper paste."

Hey, at least Reba McEntire likes it.

"I swear I'm not a famous woman!"

For more infomation >> What You Need To Know Before Eating At KFC Again - Duration: 4:59.

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T Series vs PewDiePie... How They Beat Everyone! 🥊📈😱 - Duration: 10:29.

- So then, it's official. T Series has just become

the most subscribed to channel on YouTube.

Whether you like it or not, it's fact.

Let's boil down some of these astonishing numbers first.

At the time of recording, T Series has over

sixty-seven million subscribers.

They have contributed to over fifty billion

YouTube views. That's the equivalent of

every single person on the planet watching

six and a half of their videos, which are predominantly

Bollywood music videos. T Series have published

over twelve and a half thousand videos on their channel,

average one hundred and twenty thousand subscribers

a day, which is over three million subscribers a month.

But if there is one analytic you could find fault with,

one chink in their armor, that would be views per video.

Many only average in the range of hundreds of thousands.

Of course, there are those that range in the

hundreds of millions of views, which incidentally

T Series are never shy about boasting about.

But that does reveal a discrepancy in the demand

for content that T Series supplies.

Hello everybody! Thank you for joining us today

on this video and thank you to all

of the vidIQ community who join us everyday

and post awesome comments. My name is Rob.

If this is your first time here in these glorious

YouTube surroundings, we are the YouTube tool

and tunnel that aims to help you get more

views in less time by educating you on your

YouTube journey. I work extension which will help

you research YouTube, analyze videos all to your channel

and take actionable steps to help grow your channel.

It is free to download and there is a link

in the description. Now let's be honest,

we probably don't need to offer T Series

too much advice. Although, they could post

a little more consistently in their community tab.

They have just toppled the previous king

of YouTube, who sat on that throne for

seventeen hundred and fifty days, which is

nearly five years. That would be PewDiePie who's

numbers are also somewhat eye watering.

He also has over sixty seven million subscribers

at the time of recording. Along with nineteen

billion video views. That's every single person

on the planet watching two and a half of his videos.

He's published over three and a half thousand videos

and he gains around thirty thousand subscribers a day.

Although, that's four times less than T Series,

which partially explains how they've been

able to catch up so fast. As for views per video,

well PewDiePie averages millions- way more than

the average T Series video, but it's not had

a single video go over one hundred million views.

T Series on the other hand has had uh... lots.

Now I'm not going to pretend to know anything

about Bollywood music, but T Series kind of feels

like half a dozen of the most popular Vevo music

channels from different artists, all rolled into one.

All you need to do is take a look the YouTube

music topic and see it's one hundred million plus

subscribers to realize how popular music channels are.

T Series is essentially the YouTube Indian

music channel of choice. Although I do appreciate

that this is a huge generalization, so don't

quote me on that. The bottom line is, multi-artist

music channels are super popular and they

tend to come with advertiser friendly content

which is a double win for YouTube in this

post 2018 ad-pocolypse world that we live in.

So T Series are in the perfect YouTube category

for rapid growth and they state themselves

on their channel that they are India's

leading music and movie studio. But that only goes

part of the way to explaining how they've grown

so quickly and so big. For this, we have to look

at the entire nation. It's all to do with

demographics. Let's start with the headline statement.

Over one point three billion people live in India.

And while English is widely spoken,

there are twenty two major languages spoken

in the country. Now thanks to a certain country's

previous colonial adventure's, Western culture

is a part of everyday life in India.

But it's not a two way transaction.

The western world hasn't embraced Bollywood

as much as Hollywood has been exposed to India.

So when it comes to language relevant content

that fits Indian culture, it's much more likely

to come from the source, which is India.

The problem has always been distribution and consumption

of it's contents on YouTube in India.

The sad fact is, they are generation behind

when it comes to internet access...until recently.

You see, back in 2009 barely five percent

of India's population - remember that's

one point three billion people - have access to

the internet. Let alone have video quality

internet speed. By comparison, internet penetration,

as they call it, is around seventy-five percent

in the U.S. and has been that way for the last decade.

In India, however, internet users by total population

has risen from five percent to over thirty percent

in the last decade. That's over three hundred

million people coming online. There are now

more Indians using the internet than Americans.

And there's still another billion waiting

to be hooked up. You can start to see how

all of these analytics filter down to the

individual creator. If only five percent of

Indians have access to the internet in 2009,

imagine how many of those actually watched YouTube,

and how many of those wanted to be

video creators on YouTube with access to enough

technology and internet speed to do that.

T Series started producing YouTube content in 2011,

right as the internet spike was beginning in India.

The YouTube landscape there in India is like

it was here five or six years ago.

When I talk about here, I'm talking about Europe

and North America. It is the wild west.

Almost any YouTuber with any amount of talent

right now has the opportunity to go big

because there is just so much demand

but yet, so little supply. So if you are a YouTuber

in India, get your camera, press record, and

upload today. Don't worry about this video,

stop it right now, and get on there.

So while the great YouTube journey

begins for many video creators in India,

T Series- already one of the largest music labels

and movie studios in a country with

one point three billion people- have already

been at this seven years. They are operating

at a highly advanced level in a very young

and inexperienced YouTube market.

That's why they have several T Series channels

in different languages which already have

millions of subscribers and can all feed off of

each other. I'm gonna try and describe T Series'

advantage now in a unique way.

Remember "Back to the Future"- I'm sure

you've all seen it- Martin McFly goes into the future

and buys the Sports Almanac, which gives him

all of the results for the past fifty years

in his current time period. So his intention is

to jump back to the present for him and then

make loads of bets on sporting events that

he already knows the results of for epic wins.

- And if you're interested in dust we have a

quaint little piece from 1980's, it's called a Dustbuster.

- That's the advantage T Series has.

They have the content, they have the knowledge,

now the audience is arriving who still is

trying to workout what YouTube is.

However, all of this still begs a question.

Despite all of the factors in T Series favor,

is all of this above board and legitimate.

If we assure you most of T Series subscribers

are from India, then YouTube is saying around

twenty percent of all Indians who have access

to the internet subscribe to one music channel.

Sub bots are the easiest claim to make, but T Series

are somehow artificially inflating their subscriber

count. But surely YouTube would know all about

this if the largest channel on the planet was

up to such mischief. Unless, it was in their own

interests. You see, one very logical

conspiracy theory is that there is a huge digital

LAN grab in India right now. As all of these

hundreds of millions of people come online

for the first time in their lives, they've

being exposed to all of these services

and products. And can you imagine the status

symbol of having the largest YouTube channel

in your home country. Which service do you think

you might want to use. Google? YouTube?

Hmm... I'll leave the rest of the conspiracy

theories to your imagination. Let us know

what they are in the comments below.

We'd love to read them. Now let's not forget

about the fallen hero at this point, PewDiePie.

Whether you like his content or not,

and the controversies he sparks- to be honest that's

bound to happen with any channel of his size-

PewDiePie epitomizes the individual video

creators dream. He, along with video creators such as

CaseyNeistat, Jane Dawson, Lily Sing,

have inspired a generation to share their

message on YouTube. Although it may be harder

than ever to breakthrough with saturation and

big companies and huge productions

taking over on YouTube, PewDiePie does remind

us that it is possible to be the largest

YouTuber on the planet. Will it happen again?

Perhaps there may be an individual Indian who's

going to do that. We'll just have to wait and see.

Now one last thing. This is the latest video

in our doubling down series. In other words,

when you find successful content, you should

produce more of it as quickly as possible.

Especially on trending events.

In the run up to T Series passing PewDiePie

as the most subscribed channel on YouTube,

we ran an experiment setting up a livestream-

showing you realtime subscriber counts of both

channels. We gave it a juicy title, appropriate

video tags, and within the hour it was

being watched by more than three hundred people.

So we decided to keep it running.

Now a few hundred people may not sound a lot,

but when you have it livestream running at

twenty four seven, the watch time does add up

and it caused that channel to go absolutely insane.

Now we're not necessarily saying you should just

livestream sub counts, but we do encourage

you to try out weird and wacky things

sometimes on your channel because you may end

up ranking for the search term PewDiePie.

And this video timed at the precise point T Series

overtakes PewDiePie is our attempt to tell YouTube

"You like the content we've already sent you.

We've got some more, share it with your audience."

Alright then. Let us know in the comments below

are you #TeamTSeries, or are you #TeamPewDiePie...

or #neither. Let us know in the comments below.

If you want to know more about the

double down concept, we've got an awesome

video right here and an even better video

on keyword research down here. We'll see you

on either of those videos right now.

Enjoy the rest of your video making day!

For more infomation >> T Series vs PewDiePie... How They Beat Everyone! 🥊📈😱 - Duration: 10:29.

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Spies are listening to Trump's phone calls, NYT reports - Duration: 3:20.

For more infomation >> Spies are listening to Trump's phone calls, NYT reports - Duration: 3:20.

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Why Do Some Doctors Still Use Bloodletting? - Duration: 5:57.

[ ♪ Intro ]

Maybe you've heard of bloodletting,

the practice of removing blood from patients with the hope of curing some disease or ailment.

Turns out, it's not just some dangerous technique that died off when we figured out better medicine.

It's not a common treatment anymore,

but there are some very specific conditions that might be helped by taking out a little blood.

Bloodletting has been around for thousands of years, maybe as far back as ancient Egypt.

But it really took off with the Greek physician Hippocrates,

who lived around 400 BCE and came up with the idea of the four humors.

Basically, we used to think the human body had four important fluids:

phlegm, black bile, yellow bile, and blood.

And if they were imbalanced, that could lead to illness.

So, why not drain some blood and see if you could cure... well anything from a head cold to a stroke?

Some of the tools that doctors used to cut blood vessels open back in the day,

like multi-bladed fleams, give off a horror movie vibe.

Or they used leeches as a localized and less intrusive, but equally creepy, approach.

One leech can suck around 10 milliliters of blood per feeding,

that's around 10 times its own mass!

Bloodletting stayed really popular through the 17th and 18th centuries.

King Charles II was bled after suffering a stroke

and George Washington was bled multiple times when he came down with a throat infection.

Both died within a few days of the treatment…

so, if anything, it probably sped up their demise.

Into the 20th century, most physicians ditched bloodletting for other treatments.

And with the discovery of things like antibiotics, the practice dwindled even more.

But today, bloodletting has sort of stuck around.

In medicine, it's referred to as phlebotomy.

Instead of using blood-vessel-shredding tools, though, blood is now mostly taken intravenously with tubes,

a technique you'd be familiar with if you've donated blood.

Very few studies have shown conclusive benefits from phlebotomy.

But most hypotheses focus on the role of excess iron in certain diseases.

Most of your body's iron is in your red blood cells in hemoglobin,

a protein important for shuttling oxygen through your body.

So you want to maintain healthy iron levels.

Too little iron is a well-understood cause of fatigue and has serious consequences for fetal brain development.

On the other hand, too much iron is bad too.

Iron can accept and donate electrons easily, which is great for shuttling oxygen.

But it can also lead to the formation of free radicals.

These highly unstable molecules have unpaired electrons,

so they react readily with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and can lead to various diseases.

So, one idea is that by reducing excess iron, fewer free radicals will be floating around,

and your cells may be safer.

A decade ago, a group of researchers looked into whether phlebotomy could reduce iron levels

and lower their risk of developing cancer.

They used a pool of over 1200 patients who suffered from peripheral arterial disease,

a painful condition where blood vessels are narrow and interfere with blood circulation.

And they performed phlebotomy on half of the patients every six months,

over the course of a few years.

The researchers found that patients with a lower iron count were significantly less likely to develop a range of cancers,

from lung to pancreatic.

And the 98 patients who did develop cancer had similar iron levels,

whether they were bled or not bled.

Phlebotomy patients developed slightly fewer cases of malignant cancer.

But overall, it's hard to say how much the treatment actually helped with the risk.

Some researchers think phlebotomy may help with symptoms of some other diseases.

For example, patients with the hepatitis C virus have trouble clearing iron from their systems,

because their liver has been damaged, which normally stores and regulates iron.

Although a couple of studies showed a positive change in liver health after phlebotomy,

the Gastroenterological Association hasn't found the evidence convincing enough to recommend it as a treatment.

Also, a few studies have looked at phlebotomy in sickle cell disease,

where red blood cells take on a somewhat crescent shape instead of a round one.

One of the big issues is pain from blocked blood flow,

which could potentially be solved by just... removing some.

In one very small case, 7 patients who had frequent phlebotomy treatments for a few years

spent less total time in hospitals, just over 30 visits instead of 150.

The patients also reported less pain after treatment.

But in experiments that rely on self-reporting,

the power of the placebo effect can't be ruled out.

Other studies have indicated positive outcomes too.

But patients with sickle cell disease are often receiving other treatments,

which makes it hard to tease apart how effective phlebotomy is on its own.

Now, all those examples make phlebotomy sound vaguely helpful at best, but it can be life-saving too.

A person with polycythaemia has bone marrow that's producing too many red blood cells,

which could lead to blood clots and serious consequences like permanent organ damage.

Routinely removing blood has been shown to improve blood flow and decrease that risk.

Plus, even though the idea screams "Middle Ages,"

in 2004, the FDA approved the use of leeches in skin graft surgeries.

Leeches have been shown to help healing by removing blood pooled under the skin graft,

which helps restore circulation in the blood vessels in a pretty non-invasive way.

Leech saliva also contains molecules that stop blood from thickening

and platelets from collecting at the wound site.

So that helps with reattaching skin with incredibly small blood vessels that clot easily.

In the end, we absolutely shouldn't be collecting leeches or draining blood with the enthusiasm of a 17th century doctor.

But phlebotomy may be a useful treatment under very specific conditions.

Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow.

If you want to learn more about dangerous-sounding medical treatments that have stuck around and changed,

check out our video on SciShow Psych about electroconvulsive therapy.

[ ♪ Outro ]

For more infomation >> Why Do Some Doctors Still Use Bloodletting? - Duration: 5:57.

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The Talk - Meredith Vieira Relives Telling Her Kids About Husband's MS Diagnosis - Duration: 1:11.

For more infomation >> The Talk - Meredith Vieira Relives Telling Her Kids About Husband's MS Diagnosis - Duration: 1:11.

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Silicon, Semiconductors, & Solar Cells: Crash Course Engineering #22 - Duration: 10:39.

Sometimes, in the history of engineering, physicists make their way into the story.

Consider, for example: John Bardeen.

You might not have heard of him, but Bardeen is the only person in all of history to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice.

He shared the prize once in 1956 and again in 1972.

Both times, he was involved in discoveries that made clever use of materials for electrical engineering.

The first prize was for his work on the development of the transistor,

and the second was for describing a way to allow certain materials to conduct electricity with no resistance, called superconductivity.

Superconductivity is tricky to achieve, but it might allow us transport electricity with nearly perfect efficiency in the future.

Transistors, meanwhile, are electrical components that have already revolutionized society.

They form the basis of all modern computing.

And at their heart are semiconductors.

[Theme Music]

As the name implies, semiconductors are in between materials that conduct electricity and materials that are totally non-conducting.

A classic example would be silicon, which is so commonly used as a semiconductor that Silicon Valley was named after it.

As we'll see, semiconductors have been transforming the face of technology for decades.

On its own, silicon doesn't conduct electricity very well.

It has no free charges, like free electrons, in it to carry a current.

But you can alter the structure of silicon on an atomic level to change that.

First, you replace a few of the atoms in a layer of silicon with phosphorus atoms.

Those phosphorus atoms each carry one more electron than a silicon atom would have,

which introduces more negatively-charged electrons into the material.

Those extra electrons aren't bound to any of the silicon atoms and are therefore free, negative charges.

For that reason, we call this an N-type semiconductor – "N" for negative.

On the other hand, if you switch some of the silicon atoms with boron atoms, it creates a relative lack of electrons in the material.

The boron atom has one less outer electron than the silicon atom it's replacing.

The places where those electrons are absent are called holes.

The lack of negative charge creates regions of free positive charge, so we call this arrangement a P-type semiconductor.

Holes can move around and be transported in a material, just like the absence of water in a sealed container – a level, for example –

forms a bubble whose location you can keep track of.

You can think of holes as effectively "positive charges" that can be filled by the presence of an electron.

When that happens, the space left behind by that electron creates a new hole.

Now, on their own, those P- and N-type semiconductors aren't all that exciting.

Unlike pure silicon, which is an insulator, they'll be weakly conducting because they now have free charges moving around.

But things get really interesting when you put them together – like if you have both P and N type conductors sandwiched together in a circuit.

Normally in electrical circuits, the electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive.

Remember that the current is defined to flow in the opposite direction, so it travels from positive to negative.

One thing you can do by sandwiching both types of semiconductors is to stop the current in a circuit from flowing altogether.

If you put the N-type semiconductor on the positive terminal side, and the P-type semiconductor on the negative terminal side, together they stop the current,

even though on their own, they'd each be weakly conductive.

It works because each semiconductor's extra charges are the opposite of the terminal it's next to.

All the negatively charged electrons in the N type semiconductor are drawn towards the positive terminal of the circuit.

And all the holes in the P type semiconductor are drawn to the negative terminal of the cell.

Since the effective charges are being pulled away from the area between the semiconductors,

you end up with a gap between the two plates where charge can't be transported across, called a depleted region.

Since there are no free charges to transport a current across that gap, an electrical current can't pass through it.

So if you arrange P- and N-type semiconductors this way around, you can stop a flow of current.

But, if you arrange them the other way around, with the P-type near the positive terminal and the N-type near the negative terminal,

now the electrons and the holes are drawn towards each other.

In this case, the extra electrons from the N-type fill the holes in the P-type, and the new holes spring up where the electrons used to be.

This kind of cascade can happen throughout the entire circuit, again and again until you have electrons flowing much as before.

In other words, in this arrangement the current can now travel through where the N and P layers meet.

The purpose of N and P type semiconductors put together is the simplest form of what we call a diode, which is basically a one-way enforcer of electrical current.

It allows current to flow in one direction, but stops it from flowing in the opposite direction.

It just depends on how you insert the semiconductors relative to the terminals of your voltage supply –

whether that's a battery, an electrical outlet, or something else.

Being able to control the flow of a current can be really useful.

For example, you might have an alternating current, or AC signal flowing through a circuit,

where the direction of the current changes back and forth.

But many electrical components need a direct current, or DC, with a flow of current in only one direction.

In the right arrangement, diodes can be used to convert a wavy, AC current into nice simple DC current.

The flow of charge in the DC part of the current always goes the same way,

and the positive and negative ends of the output remain the same, like a battery.

So, diodes are handy for controlling the direction of a current.

But you can do even more if you put three semiconductors together in a sandwich.

You have two options for this type of sandwich: P-N-P, or N-P-N.

In both cases, the middle layer effectively creates a diode with each of the outer layers,

with each diode allowing current to flow in the opposite direction.

This may not sound terribly useful, because together, the three semiconductor layers are restricting flow both ways.

Unless, that is, you add a second current.

Let's say you have an N-P-N sandwich connected to a battery.

The current can't flow through it, because you have a positive terminal hooked up to an N layer.

The electrons in that layer will be attracted to the positive terminal, while the holes in the P layer are attracted to the other N layer.

So you end up with a depleted region between them, and the current is going nowhere.

But here's the incredible thing.

If you apply just a small current that flows from the middle plate to the N layer on the same side as the first battery's negative terminal,

the electrons moving into the P layer fill the depleted region between it and the other N layer.

So that gap the electrons couldn't cross before disappears, and the original larger current is free to flow across the whole sandwich.

In other words, you've created an electrical switch – a sort of gateway – that requires just a tiny current to control the flow of a larger current.

And it works for P-N-P arrangements, too.

This arrangement of semiconductors, that might seem so functionless at first, is a transistor.

And the fact that it allows you to control how current flows in a circuit makes it one of the most important components of the electronic age.

Since transistors use smaller currents to influence the on or off states of the larger currents flowing through the wire,

they form the basis of the binary system of 1s and 0s that computers rely on.

All the marvels of computers and computer chips, including your ability to watch this video,

depend on semiconductors and the transistors we make from them!

So, that's how materials like semiconductors can direct the flow of electrical power.

But semiconductors can be used to generate electrical currents, too!

And that ability has allowed us to take advantage of an incredibly useful source of clean, renewable energy.

To see how this works, let's go back to a simpler diode set up, with a P-type and N-type semiconductor put together.

This time, you don't connect the two sides to a power supply.

Instead, you attach it to a device you want to power, like a small electrical motor.

Remember, the N-type will have an abundance of free negative charges and the P-type will have an abundance of free holes.

There's no voltage being applied across the junction between the two types, so the electrons of the N-type will naturally fill the holes in the P-type.

This creates a depleted region at the interface between the two semiconductors.

There are no free charges because the electrons become weakly bound to atoms when they fill the holes that were in the P-type.

The N-type has a small region with some positively charged atoms from the absence of those electrons,

while the P-type has a small region with some negative charge from those extra electrons it picked up.

These opposite charges set up an electric field across the gap.

If there were any free electrons in this field, they'd be driven away from the negatively charged region in the P- type, towards the positive region set up in the N-type.

So that's our setup.

Now, how do you get energy from this?

On its own, it's not going to do an awful lot.

But electrons in a material can respond to light.

When light hits them, the electrons interact with the light and can even absorb some of its energy.

If the bound electrons in the P-type absorb energy from the light shining on the material,

they can get just enough energy to stop being bound to atoms and become free charges!

Remember that the charges across the gap set up an electric field.

Electric fields apply a force to free electric charges, so an electron freed from the extra energy it got from the light is now driven by that electric field into the N-type.

That leaves a hole in the P-type waiting to be filled,

but the electrons can't flow back against the electric field; the forces push it the other way around.

Instead, the N-type's extra electron will flow all the way around the circuit, through the device, delivering electrical power.

That's a solar cell!

With the right arrangement of semiconductors, it allows you to generate electricity from light.

These kinds of cells are exactly what form the basis of solar panels.

With semiconductors, and silicon in particular, you can create electrical power from sunlight.

And I think you'll agree, that's a pretty bright idea.

In this episode, we looked at silicon, and how introducing small amounts of other elements

allow silicon layers to conduct currents, turning them into semiconductors.

We saw how putting two different types – N and P semiconductors – together gave us electrical components like diodes, transistors, and solar cells.

Next on our tour of materials engineering, we'll be going super tiny as we explore the world of nanomaterials.

Crash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios.

If you want to keep exploring the world around us, check out Reactions: a show that uncovers

the chemistry all around us, and answers the burning questions you didn't know were chemical

- from whether gum really stays in your stomach to why bacon smells so good.

Check out Reactions and subscribe at the link below.

Crash Course is a Complexly production and this episode was filmed in the Doctor Cheryl C. Kinney Studio with the help of these wonderful people.

And our amazing graphics team is Thought Cafe.

For more infomation >> Silicon, Semiconductors, & Solar Cells: Crash Course Engineering #22 - Duration: 10:39.

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Gigi Hadid Goes Braless in Super Revealing Hot Pink Blazer | TMZ TV - Duration: 1:00.

GIGI HADID IS PRETTY IN PINK

OVER IN BRAZIL DOING A PHOTO

SHOOT.

SHE'S WEARING A BLAZER WHICH I

LOVE THIS LOOK ON HER.

BLAZERS ARE NOT JUST FOR

BUSINESS.

THEY'RE ALSO NOW TO BE SEXY.

HARVEY: THIS IS NOT ABOUT THE

PINK OUTFIT.

COME ON.

IT IS.

HARVEY: WHY DO YOU HAVE A YELLOW

STICK EM ON IT.

IT'S HER BUTT.

HARVEY: THAT'S EXACTLY WHY.

WE'VE SEEN HER IN A BIKINI A

MILLION TIMES.

A LITTLE UP SKIRT IS JUST -- OK.

YOU KNOW IT'S DIFFERENT.

IT'S JUST DIFFERENT FOR SOME

REASON.

IT'S DIFFERENT EVERY TIME YOU

SEE IT?

NO.

WHEN THEY DON'T WANT YOU TO SEE

IT IT'S MORE ATTRACTIVE.

YEAH.

[LAUGHTER]

For more infomation >> Gigi Hadid Goes Braless in Super Revealing Hot Pink Blazer | TMZ TV - Duration: 1:00.

-------------------------------------------

Woman Accused Of Killing Twin Sister In Car Crash Recalls What Happened Before Accident - Duration: 5:22.

For more infomation >> Woman Accused Of Killing Twin Sister In Car Crash Recalls What Happened Before Accident - Duration: 5:22.

-------------------------------------------

'We Had So Much Love For Each Other,' Says Alexandria Duval About Her Relationship With Twin Sist… - Duration: 3:37.

For more infomation >> 'We Had So Much Love For Each Other,' Says Alexandria Duval About Her Relationship With Twin Sist… - Duration: 3:37.

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Will Google's refusal to work with Defense Department hurt the company? - Duration: 8:44.

For more infomation >> Will Google's refusal to work with Defense Department hurt the company? - Duration: 8:44.

-------------------------------------------

Why A Mom Says Her Daughter May Have Started Identifying As White When She Is Black - Duration: 3:03.

For more infomation >> Why A Mom Says Her Daughter May Have Started Identifying As White When She Is Black - Duration: 3:03.

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Why is Macau so rich? | CNBC Explains - Duration: 4:06.

This might look like Las Vegas but it's far from it.

This small peninsula of land is China's answer to Sin City.

And with gaming revenue that's five times that of the Las Vegas Strip,

it's become one of the wealthiest places on earth.

Macau is rich and it's only getting richer with the International Monetary Fund

tipping it to surpass Qatar as the wealthiest place on earth by 2020.

So how did it get so rich?

One word - gambling.

Macau is located off the southern coast of China about 40 miles from Hong Kong.

And it's gaming history can be traced back all the way to the 16th century.

Macau is a former Portuguese colony and when its role as a trading port began to fall behind Hong Kong,

the Portuguese government decided to legalize gambling in 1847 to give it an edge.

It remained under Portuguese control until 1999 when it was formally handed over back to China.

And while it's technically part of China, it's known as a special administrative region

which means it has its own rules and economic freedoms.

Casinos and pool betting are illegal throughout China but not Macau,

which is why it's become a hot spot for China's high rollers.

Macau quickly grew as a gambling hub. In 2003, the number of visitors from mainland China began to surge

as travel restrictions loosened and hundreds of millions of Chinese citizens were lifted out of poverty.

And Macau's gaming revenue and GDP thrived along with it.

There's not a lot of land here in Macau and yet it has a population of about

650,000 making it one of the most densely populated places on earth.

Its small population relative to its economy means its GDP per capita is high.

By 2020, Macau's GDP will reach around $143,000 per person.

Compare that with Qatar, which is projected to be $139,000, followed by Luxembourg at $118,000.

Vegas is big. Macau tries to be bigger. This is the Venetian, it's twice the size

of its sister casino in Las Vegas and it's the largest casino resort in the world.

The gaming industry here in Macau has brought in more money than Las Vegas for the past 10 years now.

In fact, the majority of profits for both the Vegas-based Las Vegas Sands and Wynn Resorts come from Macau.

In 2017, Macau accounted for 53% of adjusted earnings for Las Vegas Sands and 71% for Wynn Resorts.

It hasn't always been fun and games though. Gaming revenue reached $45 billion in 2013.

That was its peak. Then Beijing began cracking down on corruption.

Since coming to power, China's President Xi Jinping has punished more that

1.5 million Communist Party government officials for corruption.

Along with reining in corruption in business and among private sector billionaires.

That crackdown meant less money would flow through its gambling capital.

Casinos here experienced more than two years of gross gaming revenue declines.

The industry began to pick up at the end of 2016 and in 2017

it increased its gaming revenue for the first time since its peak.

China's slowing growth and uncertainty around the U.S.-China trade war has

also placed some question marks around Macau's rebound.

Critics also point to the wealthy area's rising income inequality and poverty.

The government says just 2.3% of its population is living in poverty. But other reports estimate it's about 10%.

Now, Macau is hoping to diversify its revenues beyond gaming by

taking after Vegas and upping its entertainment offerings.

Non-gaming in Macau accounts for just 12% of its total revenue. In Las Vegas that's 65 percent.

It's upping its offerings by bringing in the likes of Celine Dion and Bruno Mars to perform,

as well as increasing the types of dining options.

But whether it can actually move beyond its gaming fortunes

to become an entertainment hub for China remains to be seen.

Until then, its gaming revenues might just be enough to propel it to be the richest place on earth.

Hey guys, it's Uptin! Thanks for watching. For more of our videos check out,

"What does Qatar own around the world?" here. And, "Why is Dubai so rich?" here.

We're also taking suggestions for future CNBC Explains, so leave your comments

in the section below and while you're at it subscribe to our channel.

For more infomation >> Why is Macau so rich? | CNBC Explains - Duration: 4:06.

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Alexandria Duval Discusses Bankruptcy, Arrests And Why She And Her Twin Changed Their Names - Duration: 3:35.

For more infomation >> Alexandria Duval Discusses Bankruptcy, Arrests And Why She And Her Twin Changed Their Names - Duration: 3:35.

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'The Truth Will Set You Free,' Dr. Phil Tells Guest Trying To Move Forward After Tragic Accident - Duration: 3:01.

For more infomation >> 'The Truth Will Set You Free,' Dr. Phil Tells Guest Trying To Move Forward After Tragic Accident - Duration: 3:01.

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Outlander | Entertainment Tonight Interviews John Bell | STARZ - Duration: 2:57.

♪

Hey everyone,

I'm Leanne Aguilera from Entertainment Tonight

and I am joined by John Bell

who you all know as Ian on Outlander.

That's correct, yes.

Talk to me about season four for Ian.

Where's his mindset going into it?

Yeah well for Ian,

he has a really interesting journey.

He starts off coming out of a really dark place.

In season three he's been assaulted,

he's been kidnapped,

and really thought he was going to die.

So to leave that and to head to this new world

where all these new opportunities

are there in front of him,

he is thinking, "Is there something here

"that's my calling?"

Talk a little bit about Ian's journey this year

and kind of the research you yourself

-have had to do as an actor. -Yeah.

The first people that young Ian meets

from the Native American side are the Cherokees.

He's incredibly intimated by these guys

because they look awesome and scary.

You do not want to mess with them.

Um, but that sort of initial fear that you feel inside

can sometimes propel oneself forward.

Talk to me about the new languages you've been studying.

Oh yeah, it's been fascinating, really,

because I always thought I would come on Outlander

and have to learn Gaelic.

But that's not the case.

I've come onto Outlander

and I've had to learn Cherokee and Mohawk.

Can you give us a little tease?

Can you say anything for us?

For the Cherokees.

We'll keep the Cherokee-

um so we'll keep the Cherokees.

And they would say, "Siyo Unalii."

Which is "hello friends".

That's very nice.

Yeah, it's cute, isn't it?

It's very cute.

Gotta talk about, in my opinion,

the central pairing on Outlander...

Oh yeah.

is now Ian and Rollo.

Yes.

He's a fine creature. Where'd you get him?

I won him.

Lucky roll of the dice so I called him Rollo.

What has it been like for you

working alongside of this actor now?

Before I even started on season four,

I was going to puppy training classes with him.

We would climb mountains together.

There's some mountains in Loch Lomond

so I've taken him up there on big treks,

he climbed his first mountain with me.

Oh? Who is this?

-He heard us talking. -Hello boy.

-Oh my gosh. -See this, see this?

This is true love, right? Right?

Can we bring him around?

Yeah, let's bring him around.

-Yeah. -Come on Dewey,

come on Dewey. Good boy.

Good boy.

-See if he'll do this right? -Okay.

Sit. Okay.

So Dewey, what do you think of Outlander?

Speak! Speak!

Speak! Speak Dewey!

You did a good job.

-You're so good. -You did a good job.

We still love you.

For more infomation >> Outlander | Entertainment Tonight Interviews John Bell | STARZ - Duration: 2:57.

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Dr. Phil Questions If There's More To The Story Than Woman Is Sharing About Accident That Killed … - Duration: 3:19.

For more infomation >> Dr. Phil Questions If There's More To The Story Than Woman Is Sharing About Accident That Killed … - Duration: 3:19.

-------------------------------------------

Melina Messenger Dates Her Wedding Photographer! | Celebrity First Dates - Duration: 4:13.

47 year-old Melinda has spent two decades setting impulses racing Oh

kicked off for me in 1997 the Sun asked me to be there

page three girl for this relay near the next thing I know that we come on the

cover of every single newspaper there was a big war between the Sun newspaper

and the star my nipples got copy written I mean what are you okay thank you

lovely to meet you Melinda looking forward to this

here we go you look lovely by the way

just over a year I've had lots of long-term relationships and I would just

sort of tumbling into the next one so I just thought to do things a little bit

differently the kind of guys that are attracted to me and that would come on

to me and chat me up but not the kind of guys I'm attracted to the kind of guys

I'm attracted to probably wouldn't be comfortable coming over and chat me up

so what happens is the ones who are like mega confident they come on to me and

that tends to being the kind of relationship that I've ended up in so

what type of man are you after this time how do you like your guys it's somebody

who's good hearted is kind is intelligent if you've got a beautiful

heart and a beautiful spirit it shines through and you become very attractive

you a country or a city person these days country so country guy animals

outdoor three cats three dogs come on in scoop Melinda's match is ex-celebrity

snapper Chris who's no stranger to the red carpet anyone who was famous then I

photographed and Sean Connery Woody Harrelson

George Michael faced the rubble on quite nicely with him I'm quite confident but

I will not go up to someone I find attractive I've never ever chatted

someone up in a nightclub or a pub or anywhere that I found really attractive

I would like someone who's demure but really kind as well you're looking

forward to this I think so bit reticent

you're going straight to the bar this is a senior photographer okay magazine so I

think by photographed your wedding

amazing I'm really pleased to hear us so what are you doing how are you still so

I stopped enjoying it and then I join the Marines now I live in Cornwall I've

got this little tiny coffee company I live in my little dog beach Cheers

so I can't help being really nosy up you guys look like you know each other we've

all bitten in the same well well it's all used to be a celebrity photographer

make sure you subscribe to get a regular serving of love and romance

For more infomation >> Melina Messenger Dates Her Wedding Photographer! | Celebrity First Dates - Duration: 4:13.

-------------------------------------------

NYPD Says Powder In Pipe Bombs 'Not Biological' Threat | NBC News - Duration: 1:46.

For more infomation >> NYPD Says Powder In Pipe Bombs 'Not Biological' Threat | NBC News - Duration: 1:46.

-------------------------------------------

The Talk - The Hosts Discuss Dating While Still Divorcing - Duration: 3:58.

For more infomation >> The Talk - The Hosts Discuss Dating While Still Divorcing - Duration: 3:58.

-------------------------------------------

Español: Video #2 b Tim Canova Sobre Austeridad y Privatizacion en Estados Unidos - Duration: 5:38.

For more infomation >> Español: Video #2 b Tim Canova Sobre Austeridad y Privatizacion en Estados Unidos - Duration: 5:38.

-------------------------------------------

美公布衛星照，疑似唐級核潛艇浮出水面？看完一組數據後美國臉色鐵青 - Duration: 11:11.

中國核潛艇C G圖在眾多武器庫中，

除了俄羅斯的幽靈列車末日飛彈，

最讓人捉摸不透的要數隱藏在茫茫大海中的戰略核潛艇了，

基於美國航母的活躍程度，

被潛艇秘密跟蹤可謂是家常便飯，

俄羅斯雖然軍事實力大不如前，

但其保有的攻擊型核潛艇早已成了懸在美軍心頭的一把利刃。

與此同時中國潛艇的研製也在不斷地縮小同西方國家的差距，

甚至有部分技術處於世界領先水平。

美國《國家利益》網站2 018年1 0月23日撰寫了一篇《美國應該擔心中國列裝更多的戰略核潛艇嗎 ?》的戰略分析文章，

據文章介紹，

一直以來，

加拿大某重要項目研究人員對中國核武庫的變化保持者高度關注，

尤其是中國海軍日益增長的彈道飛彈核潛艇部隊。

據美媒援引分析專員趙彤的話稱，

多年來中國主要依靠陸基核武器保持者戰略威懾能力，

隨著中國核潛艇不斷更新換代，

中國的威懾力影響將會更加深遠，

根據世界核彈頭綜合庫存研究調查數據顯示，

中國目前庫存的核彈頭數量不到30 0枚，

而不是外界預估的160 0-300 0枚，

且所有的彈頭在和平狀態下嚴格控制儲存，

在中國看來只需維持二次核反擊的彈頭數量即可，

因為毀滅地球 100次和 1次根本沒有什麼區別。

東風-41飛彈不過隨著中國東風26/3 1/41新型飛彈的生產，

核彈數量或許會有所增加，

不過有一點可以確定的是，

在有需要的時候，

中國完全有能力將涵蓋各種射程的飛彈運送到世界各個角落。

更重要的是，

世界只有中國發明了于敏結構用來長期存儲氫彈，

世界僅有的3 0枚盡在中國囊中，

美國曾使盡各種手段也未能騙取到這一核心技術。

近日，

有美國媒體報道稱，

有商業衛星拍攝到位於中國葫蘆島的渤海造船廠由不明型號的大型潛艇浮出水面，

從拍攝的衛星圖片可以看到，

有一艘疑似0 96的戰略核潛艇正處於建造當中，

根據該潛艇的外部輪廓和 096的研製進展判斷，

這很有可能是中國第三代彈道飛彈核潛艇，

只是096型核潛艇尚處於建造當中，

距離交付海軍還有一段時間。

美國發布的衛星照片不過，

中國海軍武器裝備建造速度向來都是保持低調得態度，

例如095型核潛艇最初交付海軍使用時也只是在央視的鏡頭中微微閃過幾秒而已，

至於096這種戰略神器，

不到關鍵時刻想必不會輕易露面。

據一組分析數據表示，

在094型戰略飛彈核潛艇的基礎上加以改進，

096型核潛艇最多可攜帶24枚巨浪-3型潛射飛彈，

覆蓋範圍可達 12000 公里，

值得一提的是，

巨浪-3型洲際潛射彈道飛彈是由東風-41陸基版本改進而來，

每一枚飛彈可以攜帶8- 10枚核彈頭，

打擊精度精確到100米左右，

也就是說在短短几分鐘內連續發射的話可以精確打擊240 座城市。

更何況不管是東風-41 遠程彈道飛彈還是巨浪 -3型潛射洲際飛彈，

試射都取得了圓滿成功。

看到這一組數據後，

美國人突然沉默了，

仿佛整個世界都變得安靜了!所以應不應該擔心就要看他們有沒有觸碰到中國的底線。

(疆封) 「幽靈」發動機「停車」迫降美國空軍一架 B—2型「幽靈」式隱形戰略轟炸機23日凌晨在飛行中出現緊急狀況，

在美國科羅拉多州斯普林斯市機場安全降落。

美國媒體援引上傳社交網站的機場指揮塔錄音報道，

這架造價12 億美元的戰機遭遇發動機「空中停車」。

未受傷科羅拉多州彼得森空軍基地第21航空聯隊發言人說，

這架B—2轟炸機原本飛往「母港」密蘇里州懷特曼空軍基地，

乘員兩人，

沒有受傷。

具體什麼原因引發「飛行中的緊急狀況」，

還在調查。

懷特曼空軍基地第509 轟炸機聯隊指揮官約翰 ·J·尼科爾斯准將說：「我們的飛行員技能極其嫻熟。

他們受過訓練，

懂得如何在世界上最先進的飛行器之一上處理一系列飛行緊急狀況，

今天完美展示了這一點。

」不清楚這架隱形轟炸機是從懷特曼還是其他基地起飛。

「駕馭」網站報道，

戰機凌晨大約 3時20分降落在距離最近的科羅拉多斯普林斯機場。

數小時後，

有人在一旁的彼得森空軍基地拍攝到這架「幽靈」。

美國空軍發言人艾倫·帕爾默在一份聲明中說，

懷特曼基地的轟炸機部隊定期執行B —2訓練任務，

為美國有效提供「全球打擊」能力。

這次訓練時，

戰機「沒有攜帶任何武器」。

B—2是世界上現有唯一隱形轟炸機，

據製造商諾斯羅普—格魯曼公司介紹，

可以在沒有空中加油的情況下飛行1 .

1萬多公里。

美國空軍說，

這型轟炸機可以攜帶超過 1.

8噸彈藥。

美國空軍現有大約20架「幽靈」。

遇故障科羅拉多斯普林斯犯罪新聞網發布源自機場指揮塔的一段音頻。

社交網站「臉書」同樣出現這段音頻。

音頻顯示，

大約凌晨3時，

B—2隱形轟炸機飛行員呼叫機場指揮塔，

告知戰機4號發動機停車，

戰機距離機場大約10分鐘飛行距離，

但無法切換到機場的無線電通信頻道、與指揮塔直接通話。

「駕馭」網站報道認為，

這意味著同時出現了其他故障。

大約10至2 0分鐘後，

這架轟炸機在指揮塔工作人員手持助航發光筆引導下，

靠目視信號著陸。

「駕馭」網站解讀，

發動機空中停車是戰機常見故障，

只是，

對B—2之類造型獨特的戰機而言，

靠其餘三台發動機飛行可能承受高風險。

出於在雷達電波前「隱身」需要，

B—2轟炸機沒有垂直尾翼或大號方向舵，

無法靠前者抵消不對稱推力。

一台發動機停車的情況下，

戰機會變得尤其脆弱，

難以安全操縱。

同一側機翼的兩台發動機一旦同時停車，

更是危險。

現異常指揮塔音頻顯示，

機場應急處置人員向一名飛行員提供氧氣。

「駕馭」網站說，

不清楚是因為飛行員過於緊張，

還是因為戰機出現更多系統故障。

駕駛艙出現煙霧可能是需要吸氧的原因。

網民在機場拍攝的B—2 隱形戰機照片顯示，

戰機左側的輔助進氣口打開，

右側關閉。

「駕馭」網站報道，

這不尋常。

輔助進氣口在飛行最後階段應該開啟，

不清楚右側的輔助進氣口是否在降落過程中因為堵塞而未開啟，

還是左側的輔助進氣口沒有在降落後關閉。

今年5月1日，

美軍一架B— 1B型遠程戰略轟炸機在飛行途中發動機起火，

在德克薩斯州米德蘭國際航空航天港緊急降落。

「駕馭」網站報道，

發動機起火嚴重，

這架轟炸機的 4名機組人員原本決定彈射逃生，

因彈射裝置故障，

首批彈射的兩人無法彈出駕駛艙，

另外兩人不願意拋下戰友，

整個機組因而決定緊急著陸。

轟炸機最終在機場著陸，

無人受傷。

美國空軍6月宣布暫時停飛這一型號的戰略轟炸機。

只是，

部分B—1B 轟炸機的彈射座椅問題依然沒有解決。

在未來戰爭之中，

太空將成為非常重要的一處主戰場，

道理很簡單，

現代化武器時刻要依賴太空中的衛星定位、通信以及偵察系統，

因此誰能夠在太空戰中占得先機，

可以說就能立於不敗之地，

因此世界各國都在積極發展太空武器，

包括「殺手衛星」、反衛星飛彈等等。

據美國「太空技術」網站 10月20 日報道，

航天人員觀測到，

一架神秘的飛機已經連續在太空中環繞地球飛行了400天，

並且還沒有降落的跡象，

這架飛機就是美國空軍的 X-37B 太空飛機。

據報道，

美軍最神秘、最重要的飛機不是F- 22、F- 35五代機，

也是B-2隱身轟炸機，

而是X-37 B空天飛機，

這款飛機目前一共製造了 5架，

但是美軍卻從未透露其具體的數據和用途，

對於外界的猜測也從不回應，

近年來，

美軍不斷發射 X-37B 進入太空，

背後必然有特殊的使命，

俄羅斯軍方專家懷疑，

美軍利用空天飛機對俄羅斯和另一個大國進行低軌道偵察，

甚至能夠攜帶核彈或其他精確制導武器對地面發動空襲，

這是一種迫在眉睫的無聲警告。

而更讓世界各國擔心的是，

X-37B有可能是美軍未來太空戰機的雛形，

尤其是在美軍新成立了「太空軍」之後，

為太空軍打造一款制式裝備迫在眉睫，

而能夠在太空攻擊衛星、空間站，

還能對地球目標發動「天降攻擊」的空天戰機就成了美軍的首選。

由於X-37 B的威脅非常大，

因此俄軍此前曾表示，

如果有證據證明美軍利用這款飛機對進行侵犯或其他不利的行動，

那麼俄軍將發射飛彈將其擊落，

S-400飛彈剛配備的 40N6攔截彈能夠完成這項任務，

該飛彈射程為 400公里，

而X-37B 的飛行高度為360公里。

軍事專家表示，

近年來，

世界各國都在不斷研製能夠在大氣層和外太空活動的空天飛機，

在該領域美軍無疑走在了世界前列，

但是美軍將太空打造為未來戰場的企圖卻引起了各國憂慮，

此前中方曾提出簽署包括世界主要航天強國的條約，

規定各國保持外太空的非軍事化，

但是遭到了美方的斷然拒絕，

稱美國有權力「保護太空資產」，

在美國拒絕簽署太空非軍事化條約之後，

世界新一輪太空軍備競賽也已不可避免。

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