Youtube daily report Dec 24 2018

HOHOHO :) Welcome to the 2018 Christmas Mathologer video. In this edition I'd like

to give you a present, a beautiful and easy to use precision tool for spotting

irrational numbers. Interested? Let's start with something really simple: Is

root 2 a rational number, that is, is it possible to write root 2 as a ratio of

integers, as a fraction. Yes, yes I can hear your thoughts:

Is he kidding? Of course even preschoolers know that root 2 is irrational. True, but

now try this rooty number on your local preschooler. Rational or irrational?

And how about this one? Or this one? Well all these numbers look pretty damn

irrational, right? But one of them isn't. This number here actually turns out to

be equal to 1, which is very much not irrational. Surprised? Hmm so, given a root

expression, how can we tell if it's truly ruly irrational? My Christmas present to

you is a Mathologerisation of the famous root theorems. These are the

ultimate irrationality zippers, the master tools for deciding whether

rooty numbers like the ones over there are rational or irrational. Many of you

will have glimpsed these irrationality zappers in school though probably with

different packaging. A standard middle school maths game is to find the

solutions to equations like this one there. Okay, so say you forgot your

hi-tech calculator and your life, hmm or at least your test score depends upon

finding the solutions, what do you do? Well since this is a school game chances

are the equation has been rigged to ensure there's a nice simple integer

solution and if that is really the case then there's a simple trick to narrow

the hunt for such a solution. It turns out that if an equation like this has an

integer solution then that solution must divide the constant term 6. And so what

are the factors of 6. Well there is 1, 2, 3 what else?

6. Is that it? Not quite since there are all the negatives as well. So if this

equation has an integer solution it's gotta be one of these eight numbers. So

you cross your fingers, hope that your teacher or your Mathologer has cooked up

things correctly and you start going through them. Well let's start with 1,

let's see okay, ... okay so that didn't work out and you can check that

2 also doesn't work. But we're lucky 3 does. You can also check that none

of the other integer candidates work which means that 3 is the only

integer solution to this equation.

Great now who among you learned this trick in school and in what form? Let me

know in the comments including where in the world you're from. It will be

interesting to see who gets served what at school. Okay the official name for

this trick is the Integral Root Theorem. What does any of this have to do with

irrational numbers? Well, if you actually state this trick as a proper theorem and

not as the contrived guessing game presented in schools, then the integral

root theorem runs like this: Given a polynomial equation with integer

coefficients and, very important, leading coefficient 1, and, also very important,

nonzero constant term. Then any real solution of this equation is either an

integer that divides the constant term, like that, or, and here it comes, or the

solution is an irrational number. So the extra cool bit that is missing from the

school trick is that any real solution that is not an integer must be an

irrational number, no proper rational numbers like 1/2 or 17/13 can sneak

in as a solution. Again only integer or irrational solutions are possible. Let's

now use the integral root theorem to pin down some irrational numbers, starting

with our good old friend root 2. Root 2 is a solution of

this quadratic equation here. Being approximately equal to 1.4

root 2 is definitely not an integer. Therefore by the integral root theorem

it has to be irrational. How slick is that? A different and important way to

come to the same conclusion runs like this: the factors of the constant term 2

are what. Well they are 1, - 1, 2 and - 2. And so, by the integral root

theorem, these four factors are the only possible integer solutions. But clearly

none of them is a solution, right? And that means that there are no rational

solutions at all and so every solution including root 2 must be irrational. Exactly the same argument shows that the cube root of 2 is irrational and in fact

the same argument works for any root of 2 and for the nth root of any positive

integer that is not itself an nth power of an integer. Of course, I'm

sure that for quite a few of you the fact that these roots are irrational is

old hat and not terribly exciting. So let's have a look at some more elaborate

rooty combos like this one here. Rational or irrational? To find out let's call

this number, well let's see, let's call it something mysterious, something exotic

like .... x :) squaring on both sides gets rid of the outer square root. Shuffling 2 to

the right side gets us this and squaring again get gets rid of the second root sign.

Okay now some quick algebra autopilot.

Okay what we've shown is that our rooty combo number is a solution of this

polynomial equation and now the integral root theorem is ready to pounce again.

The only factors of the constant term are well 1 and -1, both of which are

definitely not solutions of the equation and so all real solutions of this

equation, including our rooty combo number must be irrational. How nifty is

that? Next, how about this curious number here? I'll leave it as another challenge

for you figure it out for yourself and let the

rest of us know in the comments. And, yes, it really does equal 3.14 dot dot dot :)

Now for the next step. Remember that the integral root theorem only applies to

equations with leading coefficient 1. But what if the leading coefficient is different

from 1. Well there's a super nifty generalization of the integral root

theorem that takes care of this. It is called the Rational Root Theorem. Okay to

turn the statement of the integral root theorem into the rational root theorem

we simply have to replace the integer dividing the constant term by a

fraction u/v with u dividing the constant term, like that, and v

dividing the leading coefficient, like that. This means that in practice and,

just as before, we can easily determine the very few candidates for rational

solutions of an equation like this, right? And by doing so we will have

automatically proved that any other real solution must be irrational.

Here's another mini-challenge for you to sort out in the comments. Remember

we also require that the constant be different from zero. What happens and

what do you do if the constant term IS equal to zero. That's pretty easy. Anyway

the real numbers solutions to polynomial equations like this are super important

and have a special name. They're called the algebraic numbers.

Numbers that are not algebraic such as e and pi are called transcendental numbers.

So while the root theorems are fantastic tools for determining the irrationality

of an algebraic number they are of no use for transcendental numbers. But we also

have an algebraic confession to make :) It's definitely true that the root

theorems are super powerful at showing which solutions to polynomial equations

are irrational but there's a Grinchy problem. Algebraic numbers are often

presented in ways that don't automatically come with one of those

special equations and of course we can't apply our root theorems unless we

somehow produce the right polynomial equation. For example, it's true but quite

tricky to prove that the rooty combo numbers like the ones I mentioned earlier

are algebraic and for complicated rooty numbers it's not at all obvious

how you come up with such an equation. Just pick one of these guys over there

and have a go at finding an equation for it.

Take your time I'll wait. No I won't :)

However, all is not lost even for very complicated rooty expressions there are

complex algorithms that given the input of any root expression will output a

suitable polynomial equation. These algorithms have also been implemented as

part of computer algebra systems. For example, in Mathematica or Wolfram Alpha

the relevant command is Minimal Polynomial. In fact, unleashing this

command on a rooty number will spit out a special polynomial, an extra

special polynomial, the so called minimal polynomial, that is, a polynomial of

lowest possible degree. But wait a minute, what is a polynomial equation with

integer coefficients of least degree for a rational number. Think about it for a

second. The answer is, the simplest possible such equation is a

linear equation, this one here but that means that you can tell at a glance from

the minimal polynomial whether a rooty expression is a rational number and if

so what rational number. For example, on input of this expression here

Mathematica spits out this linear equation. And what does that mean? Well

obviously that our number is rational and equal to 1. Surprising but true. Here

had two final very challenging challenges for you: First algebraically

massage this rooty number into 1 by hand. Second, again by hand, try to find a

polynomial equation that has this number as a root. Well, let's see what you come up with.

That's all great but if you are like Marty and me, you won't be very satisfied with

this Mathematica black box solving the problem for us. Well promise eventually

there will be another Mathologer video dedicated to proving that every real

rooty expression is algebraic by showing how to construct its minimal

polynomial. Very very tricky stuff but at the same time extremely beautiful

mathematics. Also on my to-do list is a video on the super surprising fact that

even though all real root expressions are algebraic not all algebraic numbers

are rooty. For example, the one real root of this equation there is not rooty.

Time for the grand finale. Let me animate a super simple proof of

the rational root theorem for you. Enjoy :) As usual I'll focus on a proof for a

sufficiently general example. What must a fractional solution of this equation

look like? Let's say u/v is a solution of the equation and let's

assume we've canceled out such that u and v have no more common factors. Then

what i'll do is show that u is a factor of the constant 3 and V is a factor of the

leading coefficient 2 and that's all we need to do, right? Ok 2, 3 play a special

role so let's highlight them just a little bit. Ok so u/v is a

solution, there. Autopilot, right, let's shuffle the

constant 3 to the right side of the equation, like that.

To get rid of the fractions on the left we'll multiply through by the largest

denominator v^6 like that. Again just autopilot, right, that's

what you all would do, cancel, cancel cancel and now we have integers

throughout and all the terms on the left have the common factor u. Pull out the

u in front. Now u divides the left side and so the right side as well. Think

about it for a moment. Okay? However we began by making sure that u

and v have no common factor and so u and v^6 also have no

common factor, and so u must be a factor of 3. Easy, isn't it? And with a

slight rearrangement we can pin down v in exactly the same way. Let's back up

one step. We'll now move everything to the right side except for the u^6 term like that. Now all the terms on the right have the common factor v.

Pull the v out in the back. Now v divides the right side and therefore also the

left side and just like before we can conclude that v divides 2, easy-peasy

What a fantastically simple proof for such a powerful theorem :) Just a final

footnote. The integral root theorem is a special case of the rational root

theorem. In turn the rational root theorem is a special case of a wonderful

result called Gauss's lemma named after the mathematical superstar Carl

Friedrich Gauss. Further googling is definitely recommended. I hope you

enjoyed this mathematical Christmas present. Fröhliche Weihnachten :)(Merry Christmas in German)

For more infomation >> Irrational Roots - Duration: 14:53.

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Characters In Aquaman With More Meaning Than You Realized - Duration: 4:03.

With such a massive cast of characters, Aquaman's cinematic outing only had time to splash the

surface of some of these characters' incredibly detailed backstories.

As it turns out, a lot of the names and faces in Aquaman have far greater importance than

you might've realized.

Spoilers ahoy.

It probably came as a surprise to non-comics fans that not all Atlanteans are created equal.

For example, only the high-borns can breathe air, and practically nobody can talk to fish.

For her part, Mera's unique power is the control of water.

In Aquaman, we saw some hints of that power when she held back a tidal wave to save Aquaman's

father, but that only touched on the true strength of her ability.

In Justice League #24, Mera went head to head against the entire Justice League, and she

H2-owned them without breaking a sweat.

And remember that time Frank Miller had Superman come within inches of death after a nuclear

bomb filled the atmosphere with dust?

Mera went up against a nuke and saved herself and Aquaman by putting them both in a bubble.

Easy.

Then in the Mera: Queen of Atlantis storyline, she became you guessed it the queen of Atlantis

after throwing down against Ocean Master for the throne.

Kind of like what Aquaman did, but a whole lot easier.

Hail to the Queen.

Aquaman the movie was largely inspired by the Geoff Johns run on Aquaman the comic,

but the film made one major character change.

In the comic series, King Nereus isn't Mera's dad he's her fiance.

Or at least, he is until she falls in love with Aquaman, at which point he becomes her

lifelong enemy.

Surprisingly, ol' Captain Redbeard hasn't been a fixture of DC comics for very long.

His first appearance was in the same Geoff Johns-penned storyline, and he later emerged

from the comic book depths again to work with Atlan to destroy Atlantis in the "Death of

a King" storyline.

Despite being more of a sidekick to the villains than the main villain himself, Nereus has

spent a lot of effort trying to get rid of Aquaman.

Guess that whole thing about having his fiance leave him really got under his skin.

For all the screentime Black Manta got in the Aquaman trailers, the black-suited villain

showed up for precious little of the actual film.

After spending much of the beginning focusing on Black Manta's origins and the start of

his quest for revenge against Aquaman, the movie shifts gears to the main Orm vs. Arthur

plot, sidelining Black Manta as merely the main bad guy's flunky.

The film doesn't come close to exploring the true relationship between Black Manta and

Arthur.

A dig through comics history reveals that Black Manta has been terrorizing Aquaman since

1967, concocting schemes up to and including collapsing the Earth to create his own underworld

kingdom.

If there's one character we would have loved to see more in Aquaman, it would definitely

be Black Manta.

Oh well, there's always the sequel!

This big-daddy Atlantean lived on-screen mostly through flashbacks that showed the rise and

fall of Atlantis, but like just about everybody in a comic book movie, there's a lot more

to him than that.

In some of Aquaman's comic book origin stories, Atlan is actually Arthur's biological father,

but even if you ignore all that and focus on the Geoff Johns run on Aquaman, Atlan is

way more than a mere prop that holds a shiny trident.

As the Dead King, Atlan spent thousands of years in hibernation before rising again to

destroy Atlantis.

There are a lot of similarities between that story and what we saw in the movie Aquaman

uses Atlan's trident to summon the Trench and save Atlantis, and Arthur takes his rightful

place as king.

Like most comics characters, Orm has gone through a lot of changes over the years.

For the most part, his story mirrors what we saw in the film he's Aquaman's half brother

who wants to be king of Atlantis, and he hates garbage.

Pretty standard stuff for the fish people.

But travel back a few years to the comic books, and things get a lot more fun.

In 2005's Retroverse storyline, for example, Orm uses some of Arthur's bones to cast a

spell that reverses reality and turns Orm into Aquaman.

That's right Orm has magical powers, and he's not afraid to use them on his half-brother's

disembodied hand.

In the earlier Underworld Unleashed story arc, Orm goes even further by selling his

soul to a demon in exchange for a magical trident.

The Joker, we should point out, sells his for a box of cigars.

That's the version of Orm we would have loved to see, but apparently it was all too crazy

for the movie where people go to war riding on fish.

For more infomation >> Characters In Aquaman With More Meaning Than You Realized - Duration: 4:03.

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Freediving The Deepest Blue Hole In The World! Ep. 174 - Duration: 12:54.

- Alright, crazy story you guys.

As you can see, we're at the airport.

That is because we've taken a last minute flight

to Deadman's Cay, which is on Long Island.

- Sounds reasonably foreboding, doesn't it?

- It does.

We've taken the boat to a safe place,

so, she's gonna be okay for the week that we're gone

because there is a free diving competition.

- Us, on the other hand at Deadman's Cay.

- Yeah, who knows what's gonna happen there?

So there's a free diving competition there

called Vertical Blue,

and Ry's been in contact with a guy called Adam

who is Australian, and he's gonna be there

and he said that we should come

and hang out and see what's goin' on there

and it would be pretty interesting to see the Blue Hole.

You guys will know the Blue Hole.

It's pretty famous and I'm excited to

jump in the water and see what it looks like.

So that's where we're going.

Are you excited?

- I am.

I get to meet Adam; Adam Stern,

the Australian free dive champion and all-around legend.

And also I'm gonna jump in

and see how deep I can go

with a little bit of instruction from him.

I'm sure it'll be reasonable.

So that'll be good.

(relaxing music)

(bird singing)

- I do not like these planes, one bit.

- [Riley] Yes, this is in fact the Long Island airport.

Apparently it's recently been extended

which the locals are very happy about.

This is Marsha.

- Hi, I'm Marsha, I'm a native from Long Island.

- [Riley] She was going to take us to our Airbnb

which apparently was quite hard to find by ourselves.

And this is Mr. T from the car rentals place.

They're death traps, but he was pretty funny

and we liked him. - Mr. T.!

(laughing)

(gentle music)

- [Elayna] So our house is a little off the beaten track.

This view is insane.

Epic.

- [Riley] This was our pad

that we'd managed to snag on Airbnb.

It was cheap, maybe because she'd said

no hot water and no drinking water,

but we were like, hey, we live on a boat

and that's not really gonna be a problem.

We were the last house along the road

with miles of freedom, goats,

and a view over the cliffs to the Atlantic swell.

(relaxing music)

- Oh, okay.

- [Elayna] Wow, this is really nice.

- You wanna open up the windows.

Because of the storm,

the only way they stay up is by using this.

Open this door up.

And that's the view.

- This is ridiculous!

This is so nice.

What have we got?

Down here.

- [Elayna] What is that?

- [Riley] Look at all the frogs.

- [Elayna] Oh, there's frogs.

Cute, hey!

- [Riley] Look at this guy.

- [Elayna] Where?

(relaxing music)

- [Riley] Marsha got us settled into the house

and we hit the sack pretty early that night.

- [Elayna] She's done it.

Success!

- Well done.

This coffee?

- [Elayna] Yeah.

- Oh.

- [Elayna] I made it all by myself.

- I'm really happy for ya (laughs).

- [Elayna] It's out of this weird machine.

- [Riley] I've seen you do more

impressive things in the past though.

- Well, I'm pretty impressed with myself.

I went for a walk this morning.

It was beautiful

and I went down to the beach

that Riley and I plan to go swimming in

and I was pretty disappointed to see

mountains of plastic everywhere.

The whole beach was just covered.

So, I guess it's coming straight from the Atlantic and-

- [Riley] How bad is it?

- [Elayna] It's pretty bad.

I'll show you.

What are you doing?

Those frogs were so loud last night in bed,

you would not believe

and I forgot to bring earplugs

and I had a terrible sleep (laughing).

It's nice to listen to them, like, you know.

It is a beautiful sound,

but just not all night.

- Try and get it down tomorrow night, alright?

- [Elayna] Seriously, and once one starts,

they all start.

Get my shoe out of there.

- What shall we feed them?

Hear?

(frogs croaking) (Riley laughing)

- So today we're meeting up with Adam and Erin

and some other friends at the Blue Hole,

so we're gonna see it for the first time today, lunchtime.

Really excited, but before then we need to try and find

the mini market and stock up the fridge

because we are on our last rations of fresh water

that Marsha gave us

and, yeah, luckily I bought some

pre-made healthy hot chocolates with me

so I'm having that for breakfast.

But yeah, we need to get some supplies.

Crabs.

- [Riley] Oh my God.

- [Elayna] Crabs everywhere.

Oh my gosh, do not!

Hey! - Oh, he's strong!

- [Elayna] Is he? - [Riley] Yeah.

And he's tryna...

- [Elayna] (laughing) Alright, alright that's close enough.

I got him, put him down.

(Riley laughing)

- What are these things?

What are they again?

Let's get one.

(gentle music)

- Do you remember when that person rode in

and said that we're like chipmunks

scurrying around-

- [Elayna] Well we seem on the hunt for food, yeah.

As you can see we are pretty hungry

and you're not gonna believe it

but we forgot to buy water

which is the whole reason we went there, really.

Oh yeah.

(Riley laughing)

- Oh my god!

This car just all of a sudden

out of absolutely nowhere,

the radio just turns itself on

and then up to a level

that has clearly scarred Elayna and I.

That's the second time that's done it.

We're really tryna film it; it's insane.

I remember seeing a movie years ago

where there was this weird experiment thing done

and everyone in a World War 2 setting

and everyone died from these loud noises.

It's so horrendously loud,

I nearly crashed the car the first time.

And just then, it turned itself on

and Elayna and I both just started panicking.

I put the indicator on, slammed the brakes on,

and fortunately she got to it

before it got to peak volume

because it is, I'm sure that it would do damage.

If we had the kid in the back, the child, the baby

who we love, it'd just be a disaster.

- [Elayna] So we can't turn it off.

We can't figure out how to turn it off.

There's no off button on the whole thing,

and I'm scared to push more buttons but-

- I blame the student representatives.

- [Elayna] What are you doing?

- Tying my hair up

with a leaf. - Twig.

All right, so who have we got here?

- G'day, g'day, I'm Adam.

I'm an Australian competitive free diver

and oh, there he is.

Hair tie!

- [Elayna] Really? - See what you can find

on the beach?

- So I'm here competing in a competition in the Bahamas

and Riley and Elayna are obviously in the neighbourhood

so they figured they'd come around

and check out what we're doing.

- [Riley] Thanks for showing us everything here, mate.

We really appreciate it.

- Pleasure, absolute pleasure.

- [Elayna] Thanks for your hospitality.

- They're super hard people to be around

so it makes it really hard to be hospitable.

- She's a wonderful editor (laughs).

Adam's got a YouTube channel and he's huge on

Instagram, so please go and check all that stuff out.

- [Elayna] Great photographs.

This is Dean's Blue Hole.

It's the deepest blue hole in the world

with a depth of 202 metres, or 663 feet.

The hole is populated by snapper, jacks, tarpon,

rays, turtles and tiny sea horses

and the occasional shark.

It's still unknown how it was formed exactly,

but it's said that the blue holes in the Bahamas

formed somewhere around 15,000 years ago

when the sea levels were lower.

Sometimes these holes were formed by deeper ground water

gradually dissolving the limestone

until the ceiling of these voids collapsed.

The competition runs over 11 days

and today was a rest day for all the competitors,

although some still came down to the blue hole to practise.

We were lucky enough to have a free day with Adam

in the water to practise on the platform.

(relaxing music)

You've changed outfits.

It's a bit chilly.

- Good shit!

- The second he caught them he regretted it

cause he didn't-

- [Elayna] He's a hungry boy.

- I'm really happy.

- [Elayna] You're nearly done.

I filmed too late.

- Look at those guys piggin' out here.

- So Erin and Adam have taken us to Love Beach.

That's where we are now.

It's very romantic and Riley forgot his shorts.

Apparently he's going nude, you guys.

- [Elayna] This is Love Beach, the protected pool of water

with only a tiny inlet to the open sea,

located in a secret spot which we wouldn't have been

able to find by ourselves.

(relaxing guitar music)

- Come on.

(laughing)

- Thanks for watching, you guys.

Please join us on Friday for part two,

the competition and the after party.

- If you like that video guys,

please give it a thumbs up

as you know that helps us out a lot

and first thing in the description

on the very first line,

we'll have a link to Adam's YouTube channel

so go and follow him as well

because he really knows how to freedive

and he laughs a lot.

He actually makes me think that I'm funny

and like Elayna said, the second half of this

will be up, when?

- Friday. - Friday, cool.

Okay, enjoy the rest of your day.

For more infomation >> Freediving The Deepest Blue Hole In The World! Ep. 174 - Duration: 12:54.

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'The Five' in Toyland? Jesse, Juan and Greg let loose at FAO Schwarz in search of Christmas fun - Duration: 5:03.

For more infomation >> 'The Five' in Toyland? Jesse, Juan and Greg let loose at FAO Schwarz in search of Christmas fun - Duration: 5:03.

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Buying "Unsearched" Wheat Penny Rolls Online - Key Date Found! - Duration: 11:20.

many of you have asked me to do another unsearched wheat penny rolls bought from

eBay video so I thought I would go ahead and do one

hey everybody its Rob with Rob finds treasure and we've got a wheat penny rolls bought from eBay video

to do today I actually want to try another seller so the seller is us penny

collection they've got pretty good feedback with a thousand sales all it

takes is a couple not to go very well and you know how it goes but still I

thought that this ad was intriguing for a couple of reasons they mentioned that

there's have been a 1909 esti date penny found thought that was cool the feedback

looks pretty good I've checked the real feedback not just where they cut and

paste inside the description but here's what got me intrigued about it they

talked about how it's hard to find the elusive unsearched wheat pennies and

they're not saying these are unsearched they're saying that they're selling

professionally entirely crimped ends on the old wrappers as you see in the

picture but basically they do a couple of things they get wheat penny rolls and

bags from a great hoard of accumulated searched bags partial sets year rolls

and inherited coin collections and you get all the three mints

they also cracked open multiple problem-free professionally graded

holders and they sweeten the pot with these so that's what kind of got me

excited you know they're not making a bunch of claims saying that these are

truly uncertain like that they're basically saying yes you're gonna get

rules that we put together but but we are sweeping up the Lots with

potentially uncovering some of these other cracked open slab coins that you

might get so because of that I thought it was cool and let's face it people buy

these all the time and I think people get a little bit frustrated when they

buy a lot of two rolls paying thirty bucks and why wouldn't you and only

getting 30s and 20s so or a bunch of 18s and 19's now I wanted to be fair so

instead of just buying one lot of two I bought two different Lots I also let

them know that I'd be open these rolls on my channel and we'll see if that

means anything I I'm sure these are already pre-made

ahead of time as Lots and then they just grab a couple from the bin and send them

out still 90% of the people would said they would buy again so I figured pretty

good feedback let's see what's in there let me going to get these out of the

packaging and lay the four rolls out and take a closer look at what the wheat

penne rolls look like alright we've got the rolls out notice first and foremost

they've got their sticker on there which is kind of cool and they're the

old-fashioned style rolls but these look like they're remanufactured let's see

what kind of Enders we got here looks like we have an older ender 1926 I don't

see a mint mark and then we also have I can't see it we'll take a look at it in

a second we're just looking to see if we have any cool Enders there's a 39 pretty

common expect to see a lot of those and a 30 something on the other two we got

the back of one and we've got looks like another 1929 or 26 and then finally the

back of one in the back of one so I think what I'll do is since these are

from the second slot this is one lot so we know that what each slot gets let me

go ahead and crack this open and what I will do is if I find anything worth

showing I'll show it while I go through it otherwise I'll stack them up by

decade and then I'll show you what we got in each roll so rule number one was

basically almost all 30s and 20s mostly 30s we did squeeze out a handful of

teens but they're all eighteen and one nineteen the two fines of the first roll

we got a 1915 D it's not in terrible shape but at least it's the early teens

with a mint mark and then we also got a 30s I brought these out because they're

under 25 million minted and they're worth a little bit more than your

average lead cent one roll down let's check out the other roll from lot 1 so

after the first 100 pennies or two rolls looks like we have about 55

of them are 55% from the 30s 25 are from the 20s a whole bunch of 1919 s and 1918

s and so far in the first two rolls we did score 1910 Philadelphia in 1913 yeah

1913 Philadelphia and then of course you guys saw it a 15 D and a 30s that's

basically the four best coins of the first lot all right assuming more the

same in these two rolls but let's take a look at him

so rule three was a little better the finds of the roll or as the 1913

Philadelphia a 1914 Philadelphia the 1915 Philadelphia a 1916 Philadelphia

and another 1930s you know not too bad no MIT marks on the teens so far we did

get a couple of 18s and 19's with mint marks but they're pretty trashed so so

far out of the hundred and fifty wheat pennies we've got 80 of them or just

over half still at that 55% are from the 30s we now have 45 from the 20s and some

teens and these are the key finds if you will in the first three rules let's see

if we get something else in the final roll I'm pretty excited guys I was gonna

wait to show you after this roll what the finds were because I'd already found

in 1917 s and don't get me wrong a 17 s is nice it's good to have I'll

definitely take it for sure but that's not why I bring you in unbelievable

right here I cannot believe this was in the roll let me let me show it to you

first look at this 1931 s and really great shake a 1931 s

are you kidding me

guys this is not only one of the key dates look at that vintage other than a

1909 SVD B this is the second lowest mintage in the wheat pennies second

lowest mintage and it's not in bad shape that's a good date that's a good strike

it's got some scuffs up here which you know what I'll take its ok look at the

back look at the detail on the wieners

this is a solid find I'm thinking it's close it's summer tweed very fine and

extra fine for sure so this is $100 penny no matter what this is $100 penny

for sure and thinking about that I spent $30 or $15 a roll $30 a lot we already

got our money back and then some one this one holy cow we still got some of

the roll to go let me set this to the side and let me go back to these and let

you know what else I find so a quick roundup of that last rule a 1910 filly a

1912 filly the 1913 filly 1916 filly a 1916 denver a 1917 s the 1926 d head of

1931 s in the best shape of the bunch let me get you a full wrap-up and then

what I think about this seller so here's the wrap-up guys we ended up with 201

pennies paid for 200 so we got an extra one in there it happens teens we got 41

with 13 that I consider better than what you would normally find coral hunting in

the 20s we got 55 only one I thought was really worth something more than you

might find in a penny box and then 30s we got 105 three were pretty decent but

man at the end of the day a 1931 s and I know I've sent it a few times but in

this condition that's pretty nice I could not have asked for a nicer one

really 866 thousand of these minted and when I see them online they're either

really great and they're slabbed or they are worn pretty slick and barely

decipherable so that is definitely the find of the box and at the end of the

day this seller to me I mean I got more than my money's worth I got

more total pennies than I paid for I've got a would you'd expect in the mix I

mean we got about 52% of that was 30s and really a hundred and sixty of the

200 or eighty percent was 20s and 30s and then of course out of the 41 teams

the fact that we got and wrap up here a couple of 1910s 1 1912 3 1913 1 1914 to

1915 s ones and deem it mark 3:19 16s once a demon mark 1 1917 s I mean you

really can't go wrong this was actually a pretty good buy in my opinion so

definitely I'll give him a shout out I would definitely buy again from this

seller US penny collection and especially when they claim that they

didn't have them unsearched that they were from searched lots that they

sweeten the deal by cracking open some pennies from collections that they have

found to make the buys worth it they marked them up with a little bit of

premium obviously at $15 especially with the mix we got but you know what I know

not everyone's gonna score 1931 s but I did unbelievable hopefully you guys

enjoyed this unsearched wheat penny rolls from an eBay seller video once

again if you did not appreciate a thumbs up and as always everyone happy hunting

and thanks for watching

For more infomation >> Buying "Unsearched" Wheat Penny Rolls Online - Key Date Found! - Duration: 11:20.

-------------------------------------------

The Top Worst Sports Moments Of 2018 - Duration: 8:16.

A lot of sports bloopers can happen in a year.

And when those bloopers are spectacular or really ridiculous, they can offer chuckles

and entertainment for a long time.

Here are some of 2018's greatest sports bloopers.

Behold: a perfectly flawed baseball play that makes the Bad News Bears look like the Good

News Grizzlies.

In the eighth inning of a clash between the Colorado Rockies and Cincinnati Reds, Rockie

Carlos Gonzalez batted a fly ball to right-center field.

Reds outfielder Billy Hamilton seemed all-but destined to catch it, but instead the ball

slipped past his outstretched glove.

"But it'll be right - oh boy..."

Meanwhile, Gonzalez rounded second base, but got tripped up on his way to third, although

it didn't turn out so bad for him.

"Hamilton dropped the ball and Gonzales will go around second, he falls down, and he's

still able to get back to second base."

Colorado went on to score a 6 to 3 victory, but for a brief, harmonious moment the Reds

and the Rockies failed beautifully together.

The 2018 NFL playoffs will mostly be remembered for the Philadelphia Eagles' stunning upset

victory over the New England Patriots in the Super Bowl.

But the lead-up to the big game also defied belief when a New Orleans Saint performed

a miracle … for the opposing team.

The Saints were squaring off against the Minnesota Vikings in the NFC Divisional round.

For most of the game Saints rookie safety Mike Williams played well, snagging an interception

and racking up five tackles and two pass deflections.

With seconds left in the game and the Saints up by just 1 point, Williams had a chance

to put a big fat cherry atop his NFL sundae by tackling Vikings receiver Stefon Diggs.

Instead he missed by a mile and also took out one of his own teammates, allowing Diggs

to score a game-winning 61-yard touchdown.

"He has a shot, I'm not sure really what he's thinking Joe.

He comes in, he's got him dialed in, and, he just, all he's gotta do is make a play."

In this February game against the Arizona Coyotes, L.A. King Tanner Pearson didn't mean

to be funny when he collided with his teammate Drew Doughty in the first period.

He also didn't mean to flip heels-over-head onto his backside, lose a skate blade, and

shuffle awkwardly on one knee before being towed to the bench.

But all those things happened in quick succession.

"A full barrel roll.

Here we go!

And on the backside when he hit the ice, the blade is no longer at the bottom of the skate."

It was all glorious because nobody got hurt, except for Pearson's left skate.

The incident also didn't hurt the Kings' chances of winning, as they beat the Coyotes 6-0.

Pretty much nobody expected the Cleveland Cavaliers to win the 2018 NBA Finals.

But thanks to a heroic 51-point performance from LeBron James, the Cavs actually had a

chance to steal Game 1 from the Golden State Warriors.

But what at first smelled like an upset ultimately reeked of a brain fart by J.R. Smith.

At the end of the fourth quarter, George Hill had a chance to give Cleveland the lead at

the free throw line but missed his second attempt.

Smith snatched the rebound, but he was apparently oblivious to the tie score, so he dribbled

the ball away from the basket.

"It's grabbed by J.R. Smith! Smith's, gonna run it out.

I think JR didn't know how much time was left.

(incomprehensible).

And we're going to overtime."

The Warriors ultimately won in overtime, and James mourned his wasted efforts by punching

a whiteboard and injuring his hand after the game.

In a disastrous showing for Wake Forest University football, freshman kicker Nick Sciba not only

missed his first field goal attempt of the game, he almost didn't attend it.

It happened during Wake Forest's 56-27 blowout loss to Notre Dame in September.

With the score tied at zero and seven minutes left in the first quarter, the Demon Deacons

set up for a 37-yard field goal.

Correction: They mostly set up.

As Sciba continued practicing on the sideline, the clock kept ticking down.

"I think the thought here is, hey we just put a pretty good drive together, they-"

"The kicker's not on the field.

Surprised they're trying this!"

"They do need a kicker."

In a reverse Charlie Brown moment, Wake Forest's holder looked back and discovered nobody was

there to kick the football.

After what felt like an eternity Sciba scrambled onto the field, quickly booted the ball into

the air, and watched it bounce off the upright in the wrong direction.

Athletes habitually break the laws of physics, but sometimes those laws conspire against

them.

Take, for example, this July contest between the Houston Astros and Oakland A's.

In the bottom of the 11th, Oakland had a one-run lead and needed two more outs to put the game

away.

Houston tied it up, and then with runners on first and second, Astros infielder Alex

Bregman unleashed a mighty swing to create what he later described as "the softest ball

anyone's ever hit."

Bregman barely made contact, and the ball landed just a few feet from home plate.

Oakland catcher Jonathan Lucroy tried to tag him out but missed completely thanks to Bregman's

stealthy dodge.

And then disaster struck.

"Everybody's in play.

They both advance.

The throw's away!"

"No way!"

"The Astros are gonna win it!

The Astros are gonna win!

Unbelievable!"

A hockey player losing his balance on ice feels about as unnatural as a bird that hates

flying.

But just as real penguins can't fly, the NHL has a Pittsburgh Penguin who got tripped up

by the ice.

Pittsburgh goaltender Tristan Jarry achieved the most wins by a rookie goalie in the 2017-18

season, but one March matchup got off to a horrendous start.

In the early stages of a game against the New York Islanders, Jarry committed a goaltending

blooper for the ages.

As Islander Brandon Davidson entered the attacking zone, Jarry did his best impression of a man

trying to run across cartoon banana peels.

(fast hockeyman talking)

"He scores!

Tristan Jarry fell over, as Davidson was going to the backhand."

Luckily for Jarry, his fellow Penguins didn't roast him like a turkey.

Much to his relief, he "saw 90 percent of the guys laughing."

And he had the last laugh as he went on to make 25 saves and the Penguins seized victory

in overtime.

The WWE's 10-year contract with Saudi Arabia appears to be the gift that keeps on giving

reasons to regret it.

On April 27, the Greatest Royal Rumble was held in King Abdullah International Stadium

in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The event drew scorn for a Saudi-imposed ban on female wrestlers and for airing propaganda

that depicted the oppressive nation as a beacon of positive change.

The six-hour show featured a ridiculously bloated main event in the form of a 50-man

battle royale.

However, there was one diamond in the vast expanse of rough: Titus O'Neil.

O'Neil was the 39th entrant in the battle royale.

As he ran into the ring, announcers bragged about him rubbing elbows with important Saudi

figures.

Then out of nowhere, he started rubbing elbows with the floor.

The internet lovingly dubbed the moment "Titus World Slide," a reference to the wrestler's

"Worldwide" gimmick.

The tale of the tortoise and the hare teaches us that slow and steady wins the race, and

it also teaches you not to stop before you've finished.

The hare learned that lesson the hard way, as did Israeli runner Lonah Chemtai Salpeter.

Salpeter's backstory could double as a real-life fable.

A native of Kenya, she became romantically involved with a track coach while working

as a nanny in Israel.

The pair married in Kenya and eventually moved to Israel.

Salpeter repeatedly applied for citizenship but got rejected for about five years.

The government finally naturalized her when she qualified to compete in the 2016 Rio Games.

Things went awry in Rio, but in 2018 she made history as the first Israeli woman to win

gold at the European Championships.

She almost won a second medal there but unwittingly removed herself from the running.

While competing in the 5,000-meter race Salpeter underestimated how much race she had left

and stopped early.

While celebrating the silver medal she thought she had won, she discovered she still had

one lap to go.

"And what was Lonah Salpeter thinking?

She thought she'd finished, she moved over to the right hand side of the track, big grin

on her face."

Salpeter would finish fourth but got disqualified for crossing the running lanes too early.

She vowed to treat her blooper as a lesson for future races.

For more infomation >> The Top Worst Sports Moments Of 2018 - Duration: 8:16.

-------------------------------------------

[Video Tour] Beach View Trinca Tiny House By Pratt Homes - Duration: 3:12.

[Video Tour] Beach View Trinca Tiny House By Pratt Homes

For more infomation >> [Video Tour] Beach View Trinca Tiny House By Pratt Homes - Duration: 3:12.

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Did James Acaster try to drown himself because he didn't get the gift he wanted for X-mas? [HD][CC] - Duration: 5:00.

For more infomation >> Did James Acaster try to drown himself because he didn't get the gift he wanted for X-mas? [HD][CC] - Duration: 5:00.

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Jerry - James Acaster's fireman? Sian Gibson's concerned copper? Lee Mack's paramedic?[HD][CC] - Duration: 10:22.

For more infomation >> Jerry - James Acaster's fireman? Sian Gibson's concerned copper? Lee Mack's paramedic?[HD][CC] - Duration: 10:22.

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Major Auto Defect Causing Vehicles To Burst Into Flames - Duration: 7:55.

There is another massive vehicle defect happening here in the United States that consumers need

to be aware of.

This particular defect involves engines and certain models of Hyundai and Kia vehicles.

Joining me now to talk about what is happening and what consumers need to be aware of, is

Scott Hardy from topclassactions.com.

So Scott, you and I have spoken plenty of times in the past about automobile recalls,

defects.

Here is yet another one and this one has the potential to be an incredibly serious problem,

you know, potentially fatal problem for consumers.

Tell us what's happening with these vehicles.

Sure.

You know, we've got Hyundai and Kia, you know, major manufacturers of automobiles that are

getting caught in this class action going back to 2011, for some of the models.

And it's a very severe defect where the fuel pump and actually some part of the fuel system

could puncture the engine, leak fuel and have the entire car be set on fire.

So this isn't, oh my gosh, my car might stop working.

This is a defect which could actually result in a catastrophic failure of your engine and

endangering the life of you, other motorists and anyone in your car if your car catches

fire because obviously a fuel leak is a major problem and so now the lawyers are going after,

alleged that Hyundai and Kia knew about this defect, refused to fix it, and now they're

trying to clean up the pieces and you have motorists and people that actually bought

these cars expecting a great deal, a great value, a great car, and now they might be

unable to sell her car because of this manufacturing defect.

And you know, it's really interesting because there's been very few instances that we've

ever seen really dealing with any kind of automobile defect where the manufacturer of

the vehicle did not know that this defect existed.

Or at the very least, someone along the supply chain.

You know, maybe it's where they bought the cylinders or whoever it is, the fuel injector

pumps.

Somebody along the supply chain new.

Absolutely had to have known that this is what could or would happen to these vehicles.

And as you pointed out, this is not just a, oh man, now my car is not going to start because

the, you know, it's a bad starter, no, this is, you could be driving down the interstate

90 miles an hour and suddenly there's flames shooting out of the hood of your car because

of this defect where the, it punched a hole in the fuel line or in the engine itself.

There's oil leaking, there's gasoline leaking.

That is an emergency situation that consumers would really only have very limited time to

be able to deal with and address to get themselves, anyone else in their car to safety.

This is a massive problem.

And these are hugely popular vehicles, you know, these are, you know, the smaller/midsize

SUVs.

You know, the Hyundai Santa Fe's, we see those all over the place because they're decently

priced, you know, not too big, not too small, can fit all the kids and a couple of soccer

bags in the back.

And these are the ones among some others that are seeing this defect.

Right, you know, it's affecting so many cars from the Hyundai Sonata, the Kia Optima, Kia

Sorento, as you said, the Hyundai Santa Fe, the Santa Fe Sport, the Kia Soul, and the

Kia Sportage.

There are thousands upon thousands of these vehicles out there on the road right now,

and these could be potential fire hazards when, you know, we've got eight years of these

vehicles that are affected.

Thousands of these vehicles out.

Many of them, as you said, are family vehicles or cars that you might buy for your kids as

they go ahead and go on to college and they're on the road.

You know, you wouldn't expect that your son or daughter might be driving to school and

all of a sudden their car goes on fire.

So it's, it's sad because any of these issues that we see, whenever you bring your car in

to get work done at the dealer, a lot of times you're going to have those, those mechanics,

excuse me at the, at the dealerships and they're going to go, yeah, I'm seeing this all the

time.

But unfortunately they're reporting up the line.

But the manufacturers have their hands over their ears and they aren't actually reporting

these things to get everyone fixed.

They'd rather go ahead and charge the end user, say man, that's a problem.

Make their money on it and instead of doing a full recall, getting all the cars fixed

and making sure that things are safe for their buyers.

You know, that's why we have these class actions filed to catch these manufacturers in the

act and make sure that they pay and compensate the buyers of their vehicles who have these

defective engine parts.

And it's really sad too because there's a lot of consumers out there, I mean, I'd venture

to say probably most consumers out there, when something happens to your vehicle, you

don't automatically think, ah, this was a defective product.

I need to look into this.

It's more of a, oh God, I've got to, now I have to deal with a problem.

Or maybe I hit that last pothole a little too hard, you know, whatever it is, they don't

tend to immediately go to that there's a defect.

The manufacturer did something incorrectly with this car, so they may not ever go out

there looking to say, hey, did other people have this problem?

You know, is there something I can join to get my money back for this vehicle that is

now burnt to a crisp or I had to have a thousand dollars worth of engine repairs on it.

What can I do to make myself whole again?

And that's, you know, one of the great things about Top Class Actions is that you guys spell

it out, all this information is right there for people.

So they know exactly which models are affected.

Which years.

Most of these go from 2011 to 2019.

So as you said, eight years worth of these cars that are hugely popular out there potentially

waiting to burst into flames at any moment.

This is a big recall and I encourage anyone that has one of these vehicles knows somebody

with one of these vehicles, direct them to topclassactions.com because this is something

they need to know about.

This is for their safety and the safety of everybody else out there on the roads right

now.

Yeah, make sure.

See if your car is impacted by it.

Call your dealer and don't be surprised if your dealer says there, there's, there's no

problem.

Show them, share with your dealer, the link to Top Class Actions and this lawsuit and

say, hey, just a heads up.

This is coming and you might want to prepare for it because you're going to have a whole

lot of people that'll be calling in concerned and worried about taking their families in

their cars that they rely on because if their car is impacted by this fuel injection defect,

you know, their family could be at risk and, you know, no one wants to go ahead and put

their family at risk and unfortunately they probably won't be able to sell the car the

more press this gets because no one wants to buy a car that actually has this alleged

defect.

Absolutely, and again, everyone, please check out topclassactions.com.

There's a link to this story in the description of this video.

Find out which makes and models are effected and make sure that you or anyone you know

or care about is not driving around in one of these without having it inspected to make

sure they do not have this particular defect and while you're on topclassactions.com, please

subscribe to their newsletter.

I mean, this is vital information that every consumer in this country needs to be aware

of.

Scott Hardy, topclassactions.com.

As always, thank you for telling us this story and keep up the great work.

Thanks Farron, I appreciate your time.

For more infomation >> Major Auto Defect Causing Vehicles To Burst Into Flames - Duration: 7:55.

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The Most Dangerous Countries For Journalists - Duration: 7:23.

For more infomation >> The Most Dangerous Countries For Journalists - Duration: 7:23.

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Did Noddy Holder have to shove a donkey off a lane? - Would I Lie to You? [HD][CC] - Duration: 4:10.

For more infomation >> Did Noddy Holder have to shove a donkey off a lane? - Would I Lie to You? [HD][CC] - Duration: 4:10.

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Rustic Gorgeous The Escape XL Traveler Tiny House For Sale | Lovely Tiny House - Duration: 3:13.

For more infomation >> Rustic Gorgeous The Escape XL Traveler Tiny House For Sale | Lovely Tiny House - Duration: 3:13.

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Kevin Spacey Faces Criminal Complaint In Alleged Assault - Duration: 0:27.

For more infomation >> Kevin Spacey Faces Criminal Complaint In Alleged Assault - Duration: 0:27.

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20 قاعدة للحياة كتبها ساموراي ياباني منذ ما يقارب 400 سنة ستغيرك تماما - Duration: 3:57.

For more infomation >> 20 قاعدة للحياة كتبها ساموراي ياباني منذ ما يقارب 400 سنة ستغيرك تماما - Duration: 3:57.

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Liu Kang | Wasted Plotential - Duration: 7:25.

For more infomation >> Liu Kang | Wasted Plotential - Duration: 7:25.

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How to become psychic - tips on improving your psychic abilities - Duration: 10:52.

For more infomation >> How to become psychic - tips on improving your psychic abilities - Duration: 10:52.

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Mariah Carey calls family who decorated home using singer's Christmas videos - Duration: 0:55.

For more infomation >> Mariah Carey calls family who decorated home using singer's Christmas videos - Duration: 0:55.

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Operation Christmas - Duration: 14:14.

Time for our (now) yearly tradition of playing a Christmas themed hack every Christmas Eve.

So, I guess this is suppose to be a sequel to Peach's Christmas Invitation? I guess?

Whatever, you'll be surprised regardless.

Music Playing Right Now: Mario Kart DS - Cheep Cheep Beach

Yeah, Christmas now seems to be about shoving a million deals up your rear.

But I'm not that one person in LA whose like "It's the only place to be for the holidays" or something like that.

Anyways, I guess our first order of business is to open the cannon, so let's go do that.

Also, seeing as this is Kaze (the same person who made Last Impact), the camera sucks :P

How would you be dumb at a cannon?

Merry Christmas to you too.

HOW WOULD YOU BE DUMB AT A CANNON?

Anyways, time to put that cannon to good use.

How would one drive that car?

One thing that's worth noting about the cannons in this hack is that they shoot you out quicker than they normally do, so be careful.

You can also accidentally slip off these clouds, so be mindful with that as well.

Yeah, I'm still waiting for Star World.

Btw, SM64DS is better than the original.

Anyways, the star name says to destroy the "presents", but you only need to destroy one of them.

This one to be exact.

Didn't know about this shell, lol. Might as well put it to good use.

weeeeeeeeeeeeeee

(or something like that)

Yeah, this isn't really an interesting star all things considered.

We are almost done with this now, so yay for that :)

Time for another cannon related star (and present stealing star)

Music Playing Right Now: Zelda Ocarina of Time - Gerudo Valley

I guess it's time to do it like that one Ajr song that I keep hearing and getting sick of and burn this whole tree down.

And to do that, we just need to burn some more presents.

Geez, why are you so hard to touch fire?

There we go

Now let's do it like that one linkin Park song and burn it [Christmas Tree] down.

Seriously?

I think there's another way of getting on top of this hut building, but I like to do things differently...

Santa sure got a massive change in outfit. He looks like Big Bob Omb dressed up like Santa.

Nope

Music Playing Right Now: Undertale - Megalovania

Anyways, this boss is kind of stupid. There isn't enough room in the sleigh, the sleigh is moving, and he turns fast too.

Oh wow, that was quick.

I made this boss look too easy, didn't I...

Your welcome

And we are done. Hope you enjoyed it, and Merry Happy Whatever.

For more infomation >> Operation Christmas - Duration: 14:14.

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Stray Cats Need Love Too.. | Kritter Klub - Duration: 3:03.

Decked-out dish

Is that for me?

It's not my cat

It's a stray cat

It sits like a monkey

And doesn't leave

Takes care of it like her own

Even has a makeshift home

With kittens inside?!

Awww

It's her third time giving birth

She comes whenever she gives birth

My kittens come first

A man delivering newspapers

Even delivers food

Were you scared?

Takes pictures of the cat

What a lovely picture!

Raises awareness about stray cats

People don't notice the cats living on the streets

Awareness comes first, then change

We were born on the streets, but we're neighbors

Gets excited when she comes

They'll starve otherwise

And they seem to be waiting to be fed

Community affair

So many stray cats..

I hope your compassion goes out to them

She's the cats' secret santa

Buys a hood house for the cats this winter

Stay warm this winter!

For more infomation >> Stray Cats Need Love Too.. | Kritter Klub - Duration: 3:03.

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⚡Aya vs. Jevil: The World Revolving⚡ - Duration: 1:47.

For more infomation >> ⚡Aya vs. Jevil: The World Revolving⚡ - Duration: 1:47.

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The Mystery of the Disappearing "That" - Duration: 7:52.

From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.

Today, we are going to explore a mysterious word in English that seems to appear and disappear

at will!

If you are wondering what we mean, consider these examples.

One is from a classic American film Casablanca.

The second is from the popular music group Plan B.

"I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship" -- Casablanca

"Now we don't talk and it's a shame, I guess I only have myself to blame,

Cos girl you meant so much to me" -- Plan B

Both of these clips have something in common: they leave out the word "that."

Why did Humphrey Bogart, the main actor in Casablanca, not say, "I think that this is

the beginning of a beautiful friendship"?

Why did Plan B not sing, "I guess that I only have myself to blame"?

In today's Everyday Grammar, we will explore why and when English speakers leave out the

word that from a sentence.

The word that can have several meanings in the English language.

Sometimes, it can be used to indicate an object or a person, as in the sentence "That man

is very nice!"

Other times, the word that is used to introduce a second clause to a sentence.

You might hear someone say, "I think that English grammar is difficult!"*

It is this use of that that often confuses English language learners.

Today, we are studying the word that in a noun clause.

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate.

In other words, it could stand on its own as a sentence.

When a group of words could be a complete sentence, we call it an independent clause.

"I love English grammar" or "I hate English grammar" are two examples of independent clauses

that function as complete sentences.

However, sometimes a clause depends on other clauses in a sentence.

It cannot stand on its own as a sentence.

When this is the case, we say that the clause is dependent.

One type of dependent clause is the that-clause.

It acts as a noun in the sentence.

It often follows common verbs like think, say, or guess, and all of the verbs that are

synonyms of these verbs, like believe, admit, remind, and so on.

Here is an example: I think that learning English is fun.

In the sentence, the main clause is "I think" and the that-clause gives more information

about the main clause.

It is in these types of clauses – clauses that give more information about the main

clause - that English speakers often leave out the word that.

One reason that they drop the word that from these sentences is because the word that adds

little information.** So, in a conversation, you are more likely

to hear "I think learning English is fun" than "I think that learning English is fun."

There is not really a rule about when to leave out the word that from a that-clause.

It is a stylistic choice.

Conrad and Biber are two English grammar experts.

They say there are three general characteristics that usually go along with leaving out the

word that from a sentence.

The first characteristic is that the main clause has the verb say or think.

So, when a speaker begins a sentence with 'I think' or 'he thought' or some

other use of 'say,' you are less likely to hear the word that.

This explanation tells you why Humphrey Bogart, in the famous film Casablanca, said, "I think

this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship" instead of "I think that this is the beginning

of a beautiful friendship."

The second characteristic of sentences that leave out that is: the subject of the that-clause

is the same as the main clause.

This explanation tells you why Plan B sang "I guess I only have myself to blame" instead

of "I guess that I only have myself to blame."

The subject of the main clause, I, is the same as the subject of the that-¬clause,

I.

The third characteristic of sentences that leave out that is as follows: the subject

of the that-clause is a personal pronoun.

You might hear a teacher say, "I knew he didn't do his homework,"

for example.

The subject of the main clause is I, and the subject of the that-clause is the personal

pronoun, he.

All of these characteristics are less common in writing.

You are more likely to find a complete that-clause in fiction and newspapers, and most likely

to find it in academic writing.

You are least likely to hear it in conversation.

These characteristics of language can be difficult to learn.

However, with time and practice, you will begin to recognize how native speakers leave

out parts of the language.

Understanding that words – such as that – are sometimes left out of a sentence will

also help you read and understand English better.

I'm John Russell.

And I'm Jill Robbins.

For more infomation >> The Mystery of the Disappearing "That" - Duration: 7:52.

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When I'm gonna be your side

Just have a pray for me

Let me know what you've been trying

I'm gonna try for you

See your smile, Just hug you and love

What else do I need?

Saw your smile, Just hugged you and loved

Now you're gone

Don't you know? who I am? I'm still the same, I'm still the same

But you're leavin' leavin'

You're far away

Don't you know? who I am? I'm still the same, I'm still the same

But you're leavin' leavin'

You're far away

(I'll be there)

(I'll be there)

When I'm standing by your side

You're just avoiding me

So let me know what you've been thought

I could die for you

See your smile, Just hug you and love

What else do I need? (What else do I need?)

Saw your smile, Just hugged you and loved

Now you're gone

Don't you know? who I am? I'm still the same, I'm still the same (I'm still the same)

But you're leavin' leavin' You're far away (You're far away)

Don't you know? who I am? I'm still the same, I'm still the same (I'm still the same)

But you're leavin' leavin' You're far away (You're far away)

(I'll be there)

(I'm still the same)

(But you're leavin')

(You're far away)

Don't you know? who I am? I'm still the same, I'm still the same

But you're leavin' leavin' You're far away

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Join the triumph of the skies,

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Hark! the herald angels sing:

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Ah! -vocalized-

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The Mystery of the Disappearing "That" - Duration: 7:52.

From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.

Today, we are going to explore a mysterious word in English that seems to appear and disappear

at will!

If you are wondering what we mean, consider these examples.

One is from a classic American film Casablanca.

The second is from the popular music group Plan B.

"I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship" -- Casablanca

"Now we don't talk and it's a shame, I guess I only have myself to blame,

Cos girl you meant so much to me" -- Plan B

Both of these clips have something in common: they leave out the word "that."

Why did Humphrey Bogart, the main actor in Casablanca, not say, "I think that this is

the beginning of a beautiful friendship"?

Why did Plan B not sing, "I guess that I only have myself to blame"?

In today's Everyday Grammar, we will explore why and when English speakers leave out the

word that from a sentence.

The word that can have several meanings in the English language.

Sometimes, it can be used to indicate an object or a person, as in the sentence "That man

is very nice!"

Other times, the word that is used to introduce a second clause to a sentence.

You might hear someone say, "I think that English grammar is difficult!"*

It is this use of that that often confuses English language learners.

Today, we are studying the word that in a noun clause.

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate.

In other words, it could stand on its own as a sentence.

When a group of words could be a complete sentence, we call it an independent clause.

"I love English grammar" or "I hate English grammar" are two examples of independent clauses

that function as complete sentences.

However, sometimes a clause depends on other clauses in a sentence.

It cannot stand on its own as a sentence.

When this is the case, we say that the clause is dependent.

One type of dependent clause is the that-clause.

It acts as a noun in the sentence.

It often follows common verbs like think, say, or guess, and all of the verbs that are

synonyms of these verbs, like believe, admit, remind, and so on.

Here is an example: I think that learning English is fun.

In the sentence, the main clause is "I think" and the that-clause gives more information

about the main clause.

It is in these types of clauses – clauses that give more information about the main

clause - that English speakers often leave out the word that.

One reason that they drop the word that from these sentences is because the word that adds

little information.** So, in a conversation, you are more likely

to hear "I think learning English is fun" than "I think that learning English is fun."

There is not really a rule about when to leave out the word that from a that-clause.

It is a stylistic choice.

Conrad and Biber are two English grammar experts.

They say there are three general characteristics that usually go along with leaving out the

word that from a sentence.

The first characteristic is that the main clause has the verb say or think.

So, when a speaker begins a sentence with 'I think' or 'he thought' or some

other use of 'say,' you are less likely to hear the word that.

This explanation tells you why Humphrey Bogart, in the famous film Casablanca, said, "I think

this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship" instead of "I think that this is the beginning

of a beautiful friendship."

The second characteristic of sentences that leave out that is: the subject of the that-clause

is the same as the main clause.

This explanation tells you why Plan B sang "I guess I only have myself to blame" instead

of "I guess that I only have myself to blame."

The subject of the main clause, I, is the same as the subject of the that-¬clause,

I.

The third characteristic of sentences that leave out that is as follows: the subject

of the that-clause is a personal pronoun.

You might hear a teacher say, "I knew he didn't do his homework,"

for example.

The subject of the main clause is I, and the subject of the that-clause is the personal

pronoun, he.

All of these characteristics are less common in writing.

You are more likely to find a complete that-clause in fiction and newspapers, and most likely

to find it in academic writing.

You are least likely to hear it in conversation.

These characteristics of language can be difficult to learn.

However, with time and practice, you will begin to recognize how native speakers leave

out parts of the language.

Understanding that words – such as that – are sometimes left out of a sentence will

also help you read and understand English better.

I'm John Russell.

And I'm Jill Robbins.