Hi, this is Polish lesson with Dorota
and I am Dorota.
Hello everybody!
Today I will tell you about movement verbs,
such as
"wchodzić", "wychodzić", "schodzić" and so on.
You asked for this in the comments, so I am doing this.
For sure you are thinking that this is very complicated,
because we have a lot of very similar verbs.
But this is not true, it is really simple.
Listen up!
These verbs have very specific, very narrow meaning,
because each one of these verbs has its own prefix.
It is the part at the beginning of the verb.
For example: "w", "s", "nad" and so on.
Check it out. These verbs look like this.
wchodzić / wejść (to go in, to go up)
wychodzić / wyjść (to go out, to go out)
schodzić / zejść (to go down)
podchodzić / podejść (to approach)
przychodzić / przyjść (to come)
przechodzić / przejść (to cross)
odchodzić / odejść (to walk away)
obchodzić / obejść (to step/walk around)
rozchodzić się / rozjeść się (to spread, to disperse)
nadchodzić / nadejść (to draw near, to come)
Check this out. These verbs have two forms, just like most verbs in Polish language.
Those two forms are: imperfective aspect and perfective aspect.
Almost all verbs in Polish have those two forms.
That is: imperfective aspect and perfective aspect. Just like: czytać / przeczytać (to read)
robić / zrobić (to do, to make)
When we are talking about these verbs the imperfective aspect (the first form)
always has a base "chodzić".
"Chodzić" is the base and we add a prefix, so we get:
"wchodzić" (to go in, to go up)
"wychodzić" (to go out)
schodzić (to go down) and so on.
The base of the perfective form is "jść".
Just like "iść", but with "j".
So we have here: "wejść" (to go in, to go up),
"wyjść" (go out),
"zejść" (go down),
"podejść" (to approach) and do on.
You have all the forms written on the screen.
But we have a strange thing happening.
Check this out.
In some forms we have an additional "e".
For example: nadejść (to come, to draw near)
rozejść się (to spread, to disperse)
odejść (to walk away),
obejść (walk around),
podejść (to approach, get closer).
Why?
Because the prefixes in these verbs have a consonant at the end.
For example: "d", "b", "z".
In those cases we have an additiona "e", because it would be hard to pronounce
"rozjść".
That's why we added the"e" and we have "rozejść".
Look out for the verb "zejść" (to go down).
In the imperfective form the prefix is "s",
"schodzić", but in the perfective form
"s" changes to "z"
and we add the "e", so the imperfective form is "schodzić",
but the perfective form is "zejść".
That is the way we create these forms.
But what do they mean? What is their meaning?
Let's start with "wchodzić".
"Wchodzić / wejść" means to go inside.
For example: "Wchodzę do domu" (I am going into the house).
I am on the corridor, I am outside, but I want to be in the house, so I go in.
I am on the street, I want to go shopping, so I have to go into the shop.
I am going into the shop.
So when we say "wchodzić", we use the preposition "do".
I am going into the house, into the shop.
But the verb "wchodzić" has also a different meaning.
It also means to go up/ to go upstairs.
So I am going up, I am going to the 4th floor, I am going to the 2nd floor.
So when we have the movement upwards, the verb "wchodzić"
is used with the preposition "na".
I am going up, I am going to the 4th floor.
Next verb is: "wychodzić".
It is an opposition to the first meaning of the verb "wchodzić".
I am in the house, but I have to go to work, so I am going out of the house.
I am in the shop, I did the shopping and I want to go home,
so I am going out of the shop.
I am going out of the shop to the street.
Here we have the preposition "z".
I am going out of the house, I am going out of the shop.
The next verb is "schodzić / zejść".
It is an opposition to the second meaning of the verb "wchodzić".
We said: to go up/upstairs, to go to the 4th floor.
The opposition is "schodzić /zejść" (to go down) to the ground floor.
I am on the 4th floor and I am going down to the ground floor.
Here we have prepositions "z" (from): from the 4th floor, this is our starting point, the higher one,
I am going to the ground floor, to the lower ending point.
The next verb is "przychodzić".
It always means "to me, to the place where I am".
Let's look at this example.
I know that today my friend will visit me.
I invited her for a coffee, so I can say Gosia will come to me today.
I am at home and Gosia is coming to me.
Here we have the preposition "do", Gosia is coming to me.
To my house.
"przychodzić / przyjść" is a very similar verb.
It means to go closer, get closer.
I'm now approaching the camera.
So I am getting closer, I am walking to.
I am approaching the camera.
You can use this verb when you are talking about the waiter.
You are in the restaurant and the waiter is approaching you.
To approach has the preposition "do".
I am approaching the camera, the waiter is approaching me.
The next verb, "dochodzić", means to get to a certain point in space,
to come to the end, to come to a certain point.
So, an example:
I have a child, it is very young.
My child is one year old and he/she is learning how to walk.
He/she can barely walk, but today my child walked all the way to the wall.
It is a long way for he/she and he/she walked to the wall.
So he/she walked to the certain point in space.
So "dochodzić" is always with the preposition "do".
We use this verb very often in metaphorical ways.
That something is so big that it is close to a certain limit.
For example: the cost of renting this flat are coming to 5000 PLN.
That means that it won't be more than 5000 PLN, but it is close to it.
The next verb is "przechodzić / przejść" (to cross).
I am crossing the street.
I am on the one side of the street, I want to go to the other side of the street, so I have to cross the street.
"Przechodzić /przejść" means to go from one side of a place to the other side.
I am crossing the street
or when I am going to my job I go through a park. So I am crossing the park.
Here we have the preposition "przez".
I am crossing the street, I am crossing the park.
The next verb is "odchodzić / odejść".
"Odchodzić / odejść" is the opposition of "podchodzić" (to approach) or "przychodzić (to come).
If now I am approaching the camera,
than now I am walking away from the camera.
I am approaching the table, I am walking away from the table.
We can also use this verb when someone has left his wife or her husband, boyfriend, girlfiend
and walked away.
We say: he walked away from his wife,
she walked away from her husband.
Most time we have here the preposition "od".
I am walking away from the camera,
I am leaving my wife,
but we also can have preposition "z", if it means I resign from something / quit.
For example: I resign from a job.
Somebody works at the university and we say: he resigns form the university.
Or somebody is studying at the university and is resigning from the university,
it means he walks away form the university, he walks away from the job.
The next verb is "obchodzić", it means to walk around an item, object or a person.
So for example we have a tree and a dog walks around the tree.
There is no preposition here, we just say to walk around somebody, to walk around something.
I walk around a tree, I walk around this building.
The next verb is "rozchodzić się / rozejść się".
This the only one from today's verbs that have "się".
It always concerns a few people or a few animals.
It cannot be just one person.
"Rozchodzić się / rozejść się" means to walk in different directions from each other.
Let's say there is an illegal demonstration, Police shows up at the place
and says: Please disperse!
Here we have the preposition "do". People go to their homes.
The last verb is "nadchodzić / nadejść".
It is very unique, because we use it when we talk about weather phenomena like storm, rain or seasons.
For example: I see black clouds and I say: the storm is coming.
Or the rain is coming.
It is getting warmer, it is March, the sun starts too shine a little bit more and I say: marvelous, the spring is coming.
You can say it about a person, but about an important persons, for example: the king is coming, he is coming in my direction.
He is approaching me.
Usually this verb is used in the written language,
when we speak we say: the storm is coming, the rain is coming, spring is coming or the king is coming.
All these verbs I told you about today mean that I walk by foot.
And what about the verbs that mean driving a car, riding a bike or by tram and so on?
They have an analogical meaning and the same prefixes,
the base of the imperfective verbs is "jeżdżać",
so to"wjeżdżać", "wyjeżdżać", "przejeżdżać", "odjeżdżać" and so on.
The foundation for the perfective verbs is "jechać".
"wjechać", "wyjechać", "przejechać" so on.
There is no additional "e' here, so it is simpler.
I hope that now you understand those verbs better
If you have any questions, please write them in the comments.
You can also write in the comments what topic would you like me to talk about in my videos.
See you, bye!
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