The Soviet Union never changed something fundamental in all of the big changes
they made. You can put it this way: before the Revolution, the average worker in
industry, and in a farm, and in the household got up, had their tea and
breakfast, and went to work, and the conditions of which, under which they did
that after the Revolution, weren't that different from what they had been before.
Let's take the example of industry, which is what changed the most in Russia.
Before the Revolution, industrial workers went to work in the morning, worked all
day and went home. The decisions in their enterprises, what to produce, how to
produce, where to produce, and what happens with the products of people's
labor, that was decided by a tiny group of people. They were called Commissars,
or in English commissioners. They were state officials, because the government
now owned and operated enterprises. They weren't the board of directors elected
by shareholders because there were no shareholders, they didn't get to elect
anybody. Government officials, State officials were put in the position:
you're now the Board of Directors, you twelve, you run these factories, you run
these stores, you run these offices. For the mass of workers it really wasn't all
that big of a difference. These individuals, private capitalists were
gone. These individuals replace them, state officials. But the structure, the
organization of the enterprise didn't change all that much. They worked and
then they went home, and the fruits of their labor were decided on, and
distributed by somebody else. To say the same thing in the simplest words
possible: the internal organization of the factories, the farms, the stores, the
offices, didn't change. You didn't have what socialists had talked about:
namely the workers themselves running the enterprises, the workers as groups
owning and operating. You didn't change it, you didn't keep them private, but now run
by the workers. You made them state, but still not run by
the workers. Oh yes, by representatives who said they represented the workers.
But after all a private capitalist typically also says that he is doing the
best for his workers. The trick will be, and this is the lesson socialists have
to learn, that this early experiment, this first experiment in setting up a
socialist economy, that was started a hundred years ago this month in Russia,
made a mistake: it never understood and it never enacted the transformation of
the enterprise itself.
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