5 Signs You May Be Dehydrated
Nothing screams summer like a good sweat under the hot sun, but if you're not replacing
fluid as fast as your body's pumping it out of your pores, your outdoor workout could
be cut short by sluggishness, cramped muscles, or even life-threatening heat illness.
How do you know if you're in danger?
Symptoms vary, but mild dehydration often causes fatigue and affects athletic performance.
As dehydration worsens, it can cause dizziness, cramps, and mood changes.
Severe dehydration decreases sweating, which can make your body overheat; lowers blood
pressure, which can cause you to faint; and can, perversely, make it difficult to drink
without vomiting.
Humans can go a few weeks without food, but a few days without water is often enough to
cause organ damage, then death.
We asked Douglas Casa, Ph.D., an exertional heat stroke expert and chief operating officer
at the University of Connecticut's Korey Stringer Institute, to pinpoint five dehydration
symptoms to watch for when exercising al fresco.
1.
You’re extra thirsty
To stay hydrated, you could measure everything you drink, track every bite of food (and account
for its aqueousness), weigh yourself before and after exercise to measure sweat output,
and input your age, sex, and weight into an online calculator to determine your baseline
water loss.
But, of course, there's an easier way—the same way humans did it before there were hyperaccurate
digital scales, food analysis charts, or the Internet: by paying attention to your mouth.
Most doctors agree that thirst is generally a good indicator of when we should drink.
A dry mouth doesn't automatically mean danger.
But thirst is your body's way of reminding you to reach for your water bottle when you're
on your way to becoming dehydrated, so don't ignore the obvious.
Men should take in approximately three liters (about 13 cups) of liquid a day—but that's
just a baseline, according to the Institute of Medicine.
If you're exercising in hot and humid weather, you'll need to fill up on more fluid.
Sick of plain ol' H2O?
Keep in mind that water-dense fruits and vegetables, like celery, cucumbers, and melon, also help
with hydration.
2.
You're dizzy or fatigued
If you feel a rush of lightheadedness when you stand up quickly after sitting down to
stretch, it's a good sign that your body's low on H2O.
Dizziness is caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain.
And when there's not enough water in your blood, blood volume and pressure both drop.
What about feeling run-down?
Well, virtually every cell in the body needs water to function, so when you're lacking
liquid, your body has to work extra hard to carry about basic functions, hence the reason
finishing that last mile or rep feels almost impossible.
3.
Your heart rate is out of whack
Caught your breath, but heart still racing?
When dehydration decreases the volume of blood in your body, your heart speeds up as it attempts
to pump out the same amount of blood it would if you were properly hydrated.
(In other words, when you're dehydrated, your heart's hard at work maintaining your
blood pressure.)
If you're extremely dehydrated and your heart really gets going (say, above 100 beats
per minute), you may experience palpitations, which are essentially hiccups in your heart's
rhythm.
4.
Your muscles are cramping
Ever notice that you get more muscle cramps during the summer months?
When you get super-sweaty during a workout, you're not just pumping water out of your
pores.
Your body's also flushing out electrolytes likes sodium and potassium.
Electrolytes are essential to proper muscle and nerve function, and when they're off
balance it's easy to end up with cramp or muscle spasm after exercise.
5.
Your urine is almost orange
One of the easiest ways to tell if you're dehydrated: Take a peek at your pee before
you flush.
If you're properly hydrated, your urine will be clear or very light yellow.
But when you're dehydrated, your kidneys try to keep every last drop of water in your
body and thus decrease the amount of pee that you produce.
And the less water that your body has to flush out, the less water there is in your urine,
and the more concentrated (read: darker) it becomes.
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